Research On Zhang Dong Sun's Ethical Thought

In the Opium War of 1840,China was defeated and forced to transform.In the face of the growing national crisis,advanced Chinese intellectuals began to seek ways to save the country.In the process of learning from the West,they reflected on Chinese traditional culture and sought the way of modern transformation in China.Under such an era background,Zhang Dongsun introduced and translated a large number of famous Western works and theories,carefully observed and analyzed the current situation in China,and put forward the theory of "saving the nation by reason".he tried to construct his own ethical thought system through the comprehensive compromise of Western traditional philosophy and ethical thought,and finds a way out for the construction of Chinese new ethical culture and the modern transformation of Chinese society.This article attempts to summarize the main characteristics of Zhang Dongsun's ethical thought,analyze its rationality and limitations,and explore its enlightenment to the contemporary era through the study of Zhang Dongsun's ethical thought.The full text is divided into five parts.The first chapter is the introduction.Firstly,the research significance of Zhang Dongsun's ethical thought is introduced;Secondly,combing the current research situation of Zhang Dongsun's ethical thought by scholars at home and abroad,and pointing out the achievements and shortcomings of the research;Finally,this paper expounds the research methods,research ideas and main innovation points,and emphasizing that this paper will use literature research method,comparative research method and analysis synthesis method to comprehensively study Zhang Dongsun's ethical thought.The second chapter elaborates the background of Zhang Dongsun's ethical thought.Zhang Dongsun actively brewed new ideas and searched for new ways out of his consideration of the current situation of the social transformation of the country and the cultural conflict between the East and the West.In the process of participating in the controversy of Eastern and Western cultures,the controversy of science and metaphysics,and the controversy of materialist dialectics,his unique ethical thought has gradually formed.The third chapter summarizes the main theoretical sources of Zhang Dongsun's ethical thought.Zhang Dongsun's way of constructing ethical thought,process and background determine the theoretical source of his ethical thought.Zhang Dongsun's ethical thought has a wide range of theoretical sources,including many schools of thought in China and the West.The main or most notable ones are Bergson's philosophy of life,Freud's "sublimation" theory,Wundt's national psychology,Confucius' principle of "benevolence" loyalty and forgiveness,and Zhuangzi's theory of dreamless realm.The fourth chapter studies the main content of Zhang Dongsun's ethical thought.Under the special background of the times,Zhang Dongsun gradually formed his unique ethical thought,which are based on the Cosmology,outlook on life as the the core and culture as the goal to solve moral problems.His ethical thought is based on the cosmology of structuralism and emergent evolution.From the cosmology,he deduces the outlook on life and the moral outlook on culture of "creative evolution and intellectualized desire".On the basis of the outlook on life and morality,Zhang Dongsun puts forward the requirement of moral practice,that is,the way to be a man with the lowest personal enjoyment and higher social contribution.The fifth chapter is the main characteristics and evaluation of Zhang Dongsun's ethical thought.Zhang Dongsun's ethical thought is rich in content,forming the main characteristics of taking the main intelligence as the core,taking the attitude of upwards,and taking evolution as the method.Although his ethical thought has been forgotten and criticized,it is undeniable that it can not be denied that Zhang Dongsun's ethical thought have certain rationality in the disposal of desires,the shaping of moral character,and the promotion of positive attitudes in life.At the same time,his ethical thought also has certain historical position and role.However,his class position and the identity of journalists determine the limitations of his ethical thought.It is undoubtedly idealistic that he advocates and establishes his own philosophical system from an anti-Marxist standpoint and regards the cosmology of "structuralism and evolutionary evolution" as the theoretical basis of his ethical thought;it is undoubtedly unrealistic to exaggerate the role of reason and evolutionary methods;and the lack of detailed feasibility analysis on specific practice and cultivation is undoubtedly flawed.However,the unique opinions and reasonable components contained in his ethical thought have important implications for contemporary moral construction,cultural construction,educational development,and the future growth of young people.