A Study Of Scholars' Management In The Song Dynasty

As an important part of the ranks of scholars in the Song Dynasty,the low-level scholars played an important role in the development of ancient Chinese culture.So takes a large number of lower gentry in the Song Dynasty as the starting point,by discussing the lower gentry in imperial examinations or give up after the imperial choice of various ways,and examines them in detail as a businessman,teacher,books will Mr Activity,and lawyer in grassroots society Activities,with a view to further explain the important role of the activities of lower-level scholars on social education and social and cultural development.In order to further explore the livelihood of the low-level scholars and its influence on the grassroots society,it is necessary to prove the existence of a large number of low-level scholars in the Song Dynasty.In Song Dynasty,the implementation of the policy of "advocating culture and restricting military",the reform of the imperial competitive examination system and the development of education promoted the rapid growth of scholars in Song Dynasty.Although it is difficult to estimate the exact number,we can roughly analyze the number of people and the passing rate of the imperial competitive examination in different periods and regions of the Song Dynasty.On this basis,through combing some digital data and descriptive data about the status of the imperial competitive examination,this paper concludes that it was very difficult for scholars to pass the imperial competitive examination in Song Dynasty,and the number of scholars entering the bureaucratic stratum was very small,which resulted in a very large number of low-level scholars,and laid the foundation for further research on the livelihood of the low-level scholars.Although the low-level scholars in Song Dynasty were mainly living in the grass-roots society,they also pursued the value of life and social ideals,so their activities also had an important impact on the construction of grass-roots culture.They chose different ways of making a living according to different social conditions and their own characteristics in Song Dynasty.First,due to the development of urban economy in Song Dynasty,the citizen stratum rose rapidly.After they met the basic material life,their pursuit of spiritual culture continued to rise.Therefore,some of the low-level scholars devoted themselves to the cultural market and made a living as society teacher,storyteller,"selling poetry" and "selling article".Second,with the rapid development of education in Song Dynasty and the rapid rise of official and private schools,culture,as the most important tool for scholars,is a way to earn a living and maintain dignity.Therefore,a large number of low-level scholars choose to become educators,which plays a certain role in promoting the level and scope of education and cultural transmission.Third,due to the change of the concept of "restricting business",a part of the low-level scholars are engaged in business activities,adhering to the traditional concept of "being a Confucian businessman",which is indispensable for improving the quality of the merchants and the construction of the grass-roots culture.In addition,different social environment and regional characteristics will also affect the choice of the way of livelihood of the scholars,who have certain sociality in the choice of ways.Taking JiangXi province,an imperial civil examination province in the Song Dynasty,as an example,and combines the unique regional characteristics of Jiangxi's heavy texts,good litigation,and belief in ghosts and gods.It promotes the harmony and stability of Jiangxi society and the improvement of quality.