Research On Duqianxia Of Northern Song Dynasty

Duqianxia first appeared in the Five Dynasties,but it was not often set up at that time,until the period of Northern Song Dynasty Taizong,it became one of the important local uniformed officers.In the Northern Song Dynasty,Duqianxia was also called Duqianxia or Duqian for short.Duqianxia's establishment and evolution are related to the change of the national policy of "advocating culture and martial arts" of Song Dynasties,and also to the measures that the rulers sometimes used eunuchs to restrain local officials while giving preferential treatment to scholars.Northern Song Dynasty,the evolution and change of Duqian administrator can be generally divided into three stages.From Northern Song Dynasty to Zhenzong period,the imperial court paid great attention to the appointment of Duqian administrator,and generally,the important minister or famous generals would take this position,but Duqian administrator at that time inherited the eunuch supervision system since the middle and late Tang Dynasty,and most of them were temporarily appointed by the emperor because of the war.With the gradual establishment of local military system in the Northern Song Dynasty during Zhenzong period.Duqian administrator then became one of the generals of armies,ranking next only to Dubu office.Renzong period,Northern Song Dynasty established the system of Jinglue appeasement and civil officials gradually began to take the position of commander in chief of local armies like appeasement ambassador and etc and civil officials and inner officials as well as eunuchs were beginning to hold the post of the Duqian administrator,Duqian administrator of military officials on the wane.From Shenzong period to the end of the Northern Song Dynasty,because of the imperial court's long-term policy of “valuing civil official and restraining military officer”,on the one hand,the posts of Duqian administrator of military officials were on the wane;on the other hand,civil officials and eunuchs were beginning increasingly to hold a concurrent post of Duqian administrator.In addition to its inherent functions of supervising war,unifying troops and participating in local military and political affairs,recruiting troops and teaching,and building fortresses within its jurisdiction,Duqianxia also has certain personnel and economic functions.From the perspective of birth.There are five types of Duqianxia:old minister of five generations,Yin Bu official,eunuch,person who has studied in military class,imperial examination and emperor's close friend.In terms of qualification requirements for Duqianxia,the imperial court generally lets civil and military officials with rich experience.As well,some people with general military ability but familiar with border and land affairs,as well as those who are sincerely responsible for the court,can also be selected as Duqianxia,but they can't be over 55 years old.The post is mainly granted by the emperor and Privy Council.In order to manage Duqianxia,the emperor ordered local officials such as Privy Council and local deployment to supervise Duqianxia.There are several situations in the jurisdiction of Duqianxia-one road,two roads,three roads,or several states,Duqianxia of each road branch and state generally has only one person.In the Song Dynasty,Duqianxia generally promoted by virtue of its combat achievements and achievements.There are three ways of promotion: promotion of rank,promotion of dispatch and promotion of rank and dispatch at the same time.Duqianxia enjoys a higher treatment than the general middle and lower level uniformed officers,but those who make mistakes as Duqianxia will also be punished by demotion,even his family,relatives and friends may be punished.