Agglomeration And Dispersion:Research On The Industrial Distribution Moved To Chongqing During The Anti-Japanese War

During the Anti-Japanese War,in order to preserve the essence of the industry,industrial and mining enterprises along the coast and neighboring theaters moved westward.In order to properly resettle inward factories,the National Government formulated an industrial distribution policy of "large dispersion and small concentration." Due to its unique geographical location and the political advantages of wartime capitals,Chongqing has attracted a large number of factories to move in.Under the requirements of the National Government during the war,“return to work as soon as possible for production”,the inland move factories were as close as possible to Chongqing in the site selection decision.The city's convenience is sought in the urban area,thus forming a large-scale agglomeration centered on the peninsula,and the wartime industrial distribution structure extending along the two rivers as an axis on the four banks.By the end of 1940,a total of more than 240 factories and mines had moved to Chongqing.In order to resume work as soon as possible to ensure the urgent need in wartime,the National Government planned a number of industrial zones on the outskirts of Chongqing,"enriching its power and transportation equipment to enable various industries According to its nature,there must be a suitable gathering place ",with the mother city peninsula as the center,Jiangbei,South Bank,Sand Magnetic and other industrial gathering areas have been formed in the periphery.The industrial and mining gathering places share the infrastructure such as hydropower,docks,and highways,which greatly reduces production costs.The Lijiatuo Industrial Zone is a model for newly built private factory and mine gathering zones after the war.Contrary to industrial agglomeration,the direction of industrial decentralization moves from the geographic center of industrial agglomeration to its peripheral areas.The water barriers of Chongqing 's mountains and the uneven terrain determine that continuous and homogeneous agglomeration cannot occur in the development of the urban area.In addition to the consideration of wartime safety and the healthy development of the industry,more than 200 factories and mines are scattered in two rivers and four rivers according to their industrial attributes.shore.Although the factory evacuation has the advantages of safety and concealment and full use of local resources,it also faces problems such as inconvenient transportation and insufficient power supply.Therefore,in-location factories should make every effort to decentralize and ensure safety,while also being close to the urban area of Chongqing for convenience.In the process of the specific site survey and construction,we tried to be close to the urban area and spread the factory in the suburban area centered on the peninsula.The large-scale gathering of inward-moving industrial and mining enterprises in the suburbs of Chongqing is compelled by the needs of the times and benefits are fastgrowing.It may not meet economic conditions,but it has laid the pattern of Chongqing's modern industrial distribution.With the end of the war,the original industrial distribution can no longer meet the needs of urban development goals.Based on the research on the industrial distribution of Chongqing moving inward during the war,learning from its rationality factors,and analyzing the disadvantages and defects of its distribution model,combined with the unique historical,political and natural environmental characteristics of Chongqing,it is applied to the contemporary Chongqing city.In the industrial structure adjustment,it provides a theoretical basis for Chongqing's industrial distribution and structural adjustment and optimization in the new period,which will help Chongqing grasp the overall situation in future development and make the regional industrial distribution more reasonable.