Effects Of Different Sensory Channels And Emotional Valence On Musical Memory

Memory,as a basic process of mental activity,is closely related to emotional activity.People’s memory of experience,meaningful stimulus(picture or sound),event or scene is called emotional memory.Studies have shown that People’s memories of emotional events are superior to those of non-emotional events.In recent years,the research on different types of memory,i.e.Implicit Memory and explicit memory,has also made many breakthroughs and advances.However,most of the studies use single-channel experimental methods,and People’s judgment of information is not only through a single visual channel or a single auditory channel,but needs to integrate multiple channels processing.A large number of studies have found that multi-channel memory has an integration advantage,that is,when the audio-visual dual-channel memory performance is better than a single channel.In the past,most of the subjects were college students or special people,and most of them used pictures and Chinese characters as emotional memory materials.Based on the above research,this study uses music as memory material and music majors as subjects to explore the multi-channel integration mechanism of emotional memory? Is there a multi-channel integration advantage? What are the effects of different sensory channels and emotional valence on implicit memory and explicit memory? Which mood music is better for memory?Therefore,on this basis,this paper will first sort out the related concepts,theories and research literature of emotional valence and memory,sensory channel and memory,the effects of different sensory channels and emotional valence on implicit memory and explicit memory were further investigated.The study consisted of a pre-experiment and two behavioral experiments.The main purpose of the pre-experiment was to select musical materials,87 ethnic instrumental music pieces with low familiarity were selected from books and music libraries,and 10 graduate students were selected from the conservatory,the 87 pieces of music were evaluated for valence,arousal and familiarity.Finally,45 pieces of music with high arousal and low familiarity(15 positive,15 negative,15 neutral)were selected,at thesame time,these 45 musical fragments were translated into musical notation as visual materials for follow-up formal experiments.In Experiment 1,learning-recognition Paradigm was used to explore the effects of different sensory channels and emotional valence on explicit memory of music,the experiment was designed with 2(channel Type: Auditory Channel,audio-visual Channel)and 3(emotional valence: positive,negative,neutral).The channel type was the inter-group variable,and the emotional valence was the intra-group variable.The experiment was divided into two stages: learning and testing,during the learning stage,the auditory channel group remembered 30 musical pieces(10 positive,10 negative and10 neutral),while the audio-visual Channel Group learned the same 30 musical pieces and the corresponding musical notation.The test consists of 45 pieces of music material(30 pieces of old material and 15 pieces of new material in the study stage).Experiment 2 further explored the effects of different sensory channels and emotional valence on implicit and explicit memory of music.Using the task dissociation paradigm,2(Channel Type: Auditory Channel,audio-visual Channel)3(emotional valence: positive,negative,neutral)2(test type: Implicit Preference,explicit recognition)three-factor mixed experiment,the channel type and test type were intergroup variables,and the emotional valence was intra-group variable.The experiment was divided into two stages: learning and testing,which included implicit preference and explicit recognition.The results showed that:(1)Emotional Valence had an effect on implicit memory and explicit memory.In explicit memory,the memory effect of positive emotion music was better than that of neutral and negative emotion music.In implicit memory,the memory effect of positive and negative emotion music was better than that of neutral emotion music.(2)different sensory channels had no significant effect on implicit memory.Under the same emotional valence,the memory effect of audio-visual channel is better than that of auditory channel,and the memory effect of positive emotion is better,the effect of memory in the auditory channel was better than that in the auditory channel.The effect of memory in the negative emotion and neutral emotion was better than that in the auditory channel,but the difference was not significant.(3)the recognition scores of explicit memory were significantly better than that of implicit memory.