| Background In recent years, the development of memory research has flourished, which not only expanded in the materials, but also extended the subjects, from the normal subjects and amnesic patients to various objects in other fields, such as the patients with depression and the patients with cognitive disorders. Implicit memory is a complex psychological phenomenon, exploring it can help us understand the memory and contribute to use and develop the function of the memory function for human. So far, the foreigners have found that in the study phase presented the stimuli with the visual channel, but in the test stage presented the stimuli with the auditory channel, that is, with the change of study-test phase, priming effects will be hampered, but the explicit task will not be affected. But in China, memory research stays in the simple combination of emotion and memory, as for the combination of sensory channels and memory, study-test phase change and memory are seldom. In addition, the combination of implicit and explicit memory, emotional channels and emotion are rare. So, I tried to reveal that the impact of sensory channels (visual, auditory) on memory (implicit memory, explicit memory) in the different emotional arousal state. Based on these, to investigate whether implicit memory has dependence on different sensory channel in further research.Objectives To explore the impact of emotional arousal on learning and the sensory channels on implicit memory and explicit memory. Exploring the influence of sensory channels on explicit memory and verifying the dependence of implicit memory, that is, the implicit memory changes with the different sensory channel.MethodsThe first experiment:By clustering random sampling method,120graduates students came from Xinxiang Medical University,98graduates students met the criteria of the experiment, which includes42boys and56girls, they were freshman and sophomore, the age range from17to23and the average age is19.24±0.94years. With the experimental design of two factors mixed:3(the level of emotional arousal:negative emotional arousal, neutral emotional arousal, positive emotional arousal) x2(the way of recall memory: visual memory, auditory memory). The experiments presented in the computer, subjects can reaction on the keyboard.The second experiment:By clustering random sampling method,120graduates students came from Xinxiang Medical University,103graduates students met the criteria of the experiment, which includes45boys and58girls, they were freshman and sophomore, the age range from17to23and the average age is19.26±0.93years. With the experimental design of two factors mixed:3(the level of emotional arousal:negative emotional arousal, neutral emotional arousal, positive emotional arousal)×2(the way of recall memory:visual memory, auditory memory)×2(quiz type:contain quiz, exclude quiz). The experiments presented in the computer, subjects can reaction on the keyboard.ResultsResults of Experiment l:Results show that grade, age and gender had no effect on reaction time and accuracy(P>0.05),quiz types had significant positive effects on reaction time(P=0.000). For accuracy, the main effect of emotion and the way of recall memory are not significant(P=0.315; P=0.233),the interaction is also not significant(P=0.652).For the reaction time, the main effect of emotion and the way of recall memory are significant(P=0.004;P=0.000),the interaction is also significant(P=0.006).In different emotional states, neutral emotional state had obviously higher accuracy than positive and negative states about visual memory(82.445±8.5888>79.824±6.1335;82.445±8.5888>78.597±7.3142). Negative emotional states had a little higher accuracy than positive states and neural states about auditory memory(78.611±6.4291>77.380± 7.3008>79.298±4.5244).Positive emotional states had higher reaction time than neural and negative states about the way of visual memory(872.275±183.9206>825.440±190.79388>830.809±159.2673).Neural emotional states had higher reaction time than positive and negative states about the way of auditory memory(1643.973±118.3726>1278.723±446.1250>1610.861±105.5899).In different emotional states, there was no significant differences in the way of recall memory(visual memory and auditory) about accuracy(t=-0.005, P=0.996;t=1.043, P=0.305;t=1.377,P=0.178).But there was significant difference about the reaction time (t=4.002,P=0.000;t=-13.447,.P=0.000; t=-15.359,P=0.000).In the way of visual memory, different emotional statues have no significant efforts on accuracy and reaction time about the explicit memory(F=0.831, P=0.442; F=0.391, P=0.678).In the way of auditory memory, different emotional states have show significant efforts on reaction time about explicit memory(F=8.885, P=0.001), but no significant effect on accuracy(F=0.412, P=0.665).Results of Experiment2:In the negative and neutral emotional states, the accuracy and reaction time about auditory memory are higher than visual memory(75.0023±11.4999>68.8920±13.6572;90.0010±14.2951>79.0144±17.0715;623.096±228.415>640.027±183.400;1246.213±309.299>1208.566±458.248).On the same emotional states, the influence of the different sensory channel on the accuracy of explicit memory were not significant(t=0.185,P=0.857;t=-1.010, P=0.328;t=-1.527, P=0.145).In the positive emotional states, the influence of the different sensory channel on the reaction time of explicit memory were significant(t=2.714,P=0.019).In the positive and neutral emotional states, the reaction time and accuracy about auditory was higher than visual(84.7238±18.7206;73.3360±16.8492;92.3085±9.4974>78.8900±20.5885;974.913±312.532>938.700±373.147;1370.336±82.056>1232.579±302.161).In the same emotional states, about the implicit memory, there was no significant difference between visual and auditory channel of the accuracy(t=-1.106, P=0.292; t=0.517, P=0.613; t=-2.089, P=0.049) and reaction time(t=-0.189, P=0.853; t=1.921, P=0.075; t=-1.580, P=0.129).In the visual channel, results showed that emotion had a significant effects on reaction time of implicit memory(F=5.771, P=0.027).In the auditory channel, emotion had a significant effects on reaction time and accuracy of implicit memory(F=8.131, P=0.008; F=96.751, P=0.000).Both visual and auditory channel, emotional states showed a significant influence on accuracy and reaction time of the explicit memory(F=1.124, P=0.019; F=15.918, P=0.000; F=8.524, P=0.002; P=106.388, P=0.000).For accuracy, the main effect of emotion is significant(F=4.326, P=0.016),there were no significant effects on experiment types(F=0.621, P=0.433). There was no significant interaction between emotions and sensory channel(F=1.295, P=0.279), it is no obvious to find interactions between emotions and experiment types(F=0.274, P=0.761). For reaction time, the main effect of emotion and experiment types are significant(F=50.444, P=0.000; F=10.228, P=0.002). Results showed a lack of significant interaction between emotion and experiment types, even the emotion and sensory channel(F=2.239, P=0.112; F=1.803, P=0.171).Conclusions1Emotion and sensory channel influence explicit memory,especially in reaction time.2Sensory channel does not affect the implicit memory, but may exert significant influence on explicit memory. In the visual channel,explicit memory is better than others.3Emotion may exert significant influence on implicit and explicit memory,positive and negative emotional states can enhance the effect of implicit memory and explicit memory. |
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