Research On The Housing Construction Under The Background Of Housing Shortage In Wartime In Chongqing(1937-1945)

The impact of the Anti-Japanese War on modern China is deep and huge.As far as society is concerned,there was a widespread housing shortage in the rear during the war,which was called "housing shortage" at that time,and the housing situation in Chongqing was not particularly optimistic.Under this background,the housing construction policies and specific implementation issued by the government not only affect the basic life and social order of urban residents,but also have a certain impact on the anti-Japanese war ahead.It can be seen that Chongqing's residential construction is of great importance during the war.In fact,before the war,Chongqing's cities achieved significant development.With the rise in land prices and rents,people's residences have also clearly differentiated.Although there are common shanty problems,there has not been an extreme shortage of housing at the time.With the outbreak of the All-out War of Resistance,a serious housing shortage occurred in Chongqing,which was undoubtedly directly affected by factors such as population migration,Japanese bombing,and people's inability to build houses.The housing shortage poses a huge threat to people's basic living,urban social stability and order,and has become a prominent social problem that all parties have to pay attention to.For this reason,throughout the war,the central government has always required local governments at all levels to take the initiative to build public houses to relieve housing shortages,which is also applicable to Chongqing.Not only that,because Chongqing began to evacuate the urban population on a large scale in early 1939,the Executive Yuan established the Chongqing Municipal Evacuation Committee.While organizing the evacuation of the population,it also actively carried out the construction of new villages in the evacuation area.After the establishment of the Peking Capital Construction Planning Committee of the Executive Yuan in early 1941,it also did a lot of practical work and attempts in the construction of new villages,civilian residences,and planning of specialresidential areas.In short,the central government played its due role in housing construction during wartime and in mitigating housing shortages.In fact,the Chongqing Municipal Government was the main force in wartime residential construction.In July1939,the Chongqing Municipal Construction Committee was established.Subsequently,a number of suburban market houses and four civilian houses were constructed in the evacuation area.In the late period of the Anti-Japanese War,in view of the apparent weakening of the bombing of Chongqing by the Japanese planes,the municipal government was more actively promoting housing construction.Both the Social Bureau has rebuilt civilian dormitories and prepared cooperative housing,and the Public Works Bureau has planned to issue housing lotteries to build public housing,as well as the demonstration of economic housing by the end of 1944.Although these plans and plans have not been fully realized,and the number of houses built is also quite limited,it is not without benefits for alleviating the housing shortage in the later period of the Anti-Japanese War.Even more valuable is that they have also made some new attempts to this end.At that time,under the profound influence of Sun Yat-sen's people's livelihood,the Executive Yuan,referring to the relevant provisions of the "Land Law" before the war,based on the mainland in the early days of the War of Resistance,stipulated that governments at all levels should reward the public to build private houses.at the same time,the Chongqing camp also encouraged the public to build houses in the city,but the effect was minimal.Since the middle of the Anti-Japanese War,the government has attached great importance to awarding people to build houses in evacuation areas.Since then,on the one hand,the Reconstruction Committee directly under the Executive Yuan has proposed a variety of rewards and assistance methods in the reorganization plan,and has also set up a construction loan committee to issue loans to people.On the other hand,the Chongqing Municipal Finance Bureau has also drafted a method for building housing awards in the evacuation area,and its role is quite limited.In the later period of the Anti-Japanese War,with the apparent weakening of Japanese bombing,the municipal government and the Executive Yuan clearly encouraged and supported landlords to build houses in the city.At the same time,in view of the many benefits of housing cooperation,the municipal government began to promote the cooperatives of popular organizationsfrom the beginning of 1944.Although after several months of planning,it was ultimately difficult to achieve.In short,during the war in Chongqing,the government did formulate and implement a series of policies and methods to promote housing construction,and also built a certain number of houses ? but until the end of the war of resistance,the problem of housing shortage could not be completely resolved.From a broader perspective,residential construction in Chongqing during the war was an important part of urban construction at the time,not only having multiple impacts on the development of the city itself;more importantly,it was also conducive to the ongoing anti-Japanese war ahead.