On Liu Ji's Neo-Confucianist Philosophy

In the history of philosophy,neo-confucianism in yuan dynasty was a transitional stage from the theory of philosophy in song dynasty to the theory of mind in Ming dynasty.During the formation and development of neoconfucianism in song and Ming dynasties,the neoconfucianists in the yuan dynasty did not make a breakthrough in the substantive innovation of neo-confucianism.The greatest characteristic of the development of neoconfucianism in the yuan dynasty was the “combination of zhu xi and lu jiuyuan”,while liu ji lived at the end of the yuan dynasty and the beginning of the Ming dynasty.Therefore,the combination of zhu xi and lu jiuyuan's thought and the promotion of the development of neo-confucianism became his academic thought.As a neo-confucianist in the late yuan and early Ming dynasties,liu ji's neo-confucianist thought has unique theoretical value.It is helpful to further understand the characteristics and evolution of neo-confucianism in the late yuan and early Ming dynasties.In terms of ration-qi theory,liu ji regards “Li” as the highest category of his thoughts.With the help of the basic concepts of cheng zhu's neo-confucianism,he also absorbed some of zhang zai's thoughts,which constituted the basic framework of his theory of rationalizing qi.He put forward the viewpoint that “the material of heaven is qi and the Li is the heart of heaven”.In liu ji's neoconfucianism thought,“Li” exists as the highest category of the universe and the most fundamental law between heaven and earth.On the theory of mind,liu ji interprets the philosophical proposition of the goodness of human nature with the goodness of “Li”,on this basis analyzes the phenomena such as “human nature will change because of desire”,“human nature will change because of habit”,and further analyzes the expression of human nature evil in real life and its generative mechanism.And on the heart and sexual relationship,liu ji put forward that “sex is single-minded,so it can dominate the mind;The idea that the mind is aware and therefore able to observe the world ”holds that“ sex rules the mind ”.On the theory of cultivation,liu ji agrees with the thought that “the Confucian way is to observe the world to acquire knowledge,and the best way is to acquire knowledge by analogy”.Liu ji put more emphasis on time and mind,advocated “ don't believe perceptual cognition,to the rational cognition of the world”,put forward “inner respect”,“inner peace”,“inner satisfaction” and other moral cultivation work,think that is a practical method.Liu ji's neo-confucianism thought has its unique theoretical value,and he also affirms the practical application of neo-confucianism,so that his thought shows the connotation of “learning is to keep up with the sage,the knowledge learned should be used in real life”.The systematic study of Chinese philosophy from the perspective of its development history is also helpful to further understand the characteristics and evolution of neoconfucianism in the late yuan and early Ming dynasties.