A Study On The Self-cultivation Way Of The Chapter Of Teaching Disciples In Classified Conversations Of Master Zhu

Self-cultivation has always been the most important part of Chinese philosophers’ thoughts,and it is also the main symbol that distinguishes it from other philosophers.The self-cultivation in "Teaching Disciples" is the representative of Chu Hsi’s thoughts in his later years.Its content constitutes a complete system from the inside out,both inside and outside,and is a concrete expression of Chu Hsi’s idea of investigate things to extend knowledge.Academia’s research on "Teaching Disciples" is mostly used as material information for Chu Hsi’s self-cultivation,but it is not regarded as a complete self-cultivation system,ignoring its value as a philosophical text with independent meaning.Taking "Teaching Disciples" as the main text,the study of Chu Hsi’s later years of cultivation will help to explore the practical direction and specific implementation of his theory.In "Teaching Disciples",self-cultivation way is developed through three levels: Conservation way is an internal method of cultivation,which is to solve the problem of the domination of rational consciousness in people’s minds,and to prepare the main conditions for the extroverted investigate things to exhaustively pursue principle.Chu Hsi absorbed Yanping’s sit still thoughts and used it as an introductory way for beginners to converge their mind and body.However,seeing the shortcomings of pure sit still,he proposed that the cultivation should be based on lay emphasis on earnestness,and faced with the drawback of “lay emphasis on earnestness” in the process.In the later years,Chu Hsi emphasized the way of "restrain oneself" as a supplement to the work of "lay emphasis on earnestness";Reading is the most important way of the investigate things to exhaustively pursue principle,the ancient classics are the condensation of the sage’s thoughts,which represents the principle of Heaven.Through reading,not only can inherit the Confucian orthodoxy,but also the most effective method to study the principle of Heaven.It can also play a role in conserving the body and mind.Chu Hsi’s reading method is realized through his appropriate teaching of reading attitudes,principles and requirements;Practicing is the "action" of "knowledge",the fate and implementation of reading to exhaustively pursue principle.Through the practice,the "ritual" of the daily use of human relations is the "article of principle of Heaven",So as to consciously perform,Practicing needs to start from the daily use of human relations,at the same time,personally implement and speak and discuss can not be neglected.Chu Hsi is good at teaching students according to their aptitude and giving medicines due to illness.He will give different cultivation methods according to the different temperaments and illnesses of his disciples.In principle,Chu Hsi’s self-cultivation way is a system in which the cultivation of the mind,the method of reading and the practicing are the “Trinity” relationship.The cultivation is to make this mind dominate so that it can better Prepare the subject conditions for reading.The principle that is clear from reading is the principle of heaven.The principle of heaven is in the heart,and it is scattered in the daily life of human relations.In the daily life of human relations,the endless life of heaven is realized,and the transcendence of " being the world and being out of the world " is realized.By demonstrating the meaning of life and exploring the value of life,Chu Hsi completed the transition from "body doctrine" to "cultivating oneself and governing people",reflecting the care and epoch responsibilities of Confucianists who are different from Buddhas and Taoism.The cultivation of the mind,the realize principle by reading and the cultivation of the body in the "Teaching Disciples" are the concrete development of Chu Hsi’s life value ideal,which reflects the moral orientation of the "Teaching Disciples",which mainly includes two levels: on the one hand,morality life is Chu Hsi’s expectation of all people.He believes that learning should be based on "learning as a sage",but also thinks that sages are difficult,and requires the Disciples to restrain oneself and encourage the orthodox Confucianism that punishes suffocation and goodness.Remove own selfish desires to preserve the principle of Heaven,unite the human heart with the Tao heart,and thus achieve the purpose of transcendent sainthood;on the other hand,the mission of life is Chu Hsi’s request to the Confucian,he upholds the tradition of Confucianism " improve politics in this dynasty,improve custom in the below status " Believes that Confucians should have the ambition to rebuild order at the national level,and to transform the people into the custom at the social level.From virtuous life to mission life,it is the reflect of Chu Hsi’s inner sagelihood and outer kingliness.