On The Agrarian Crisis In India Since The Rao-Singh’s Reform

When it comes to the development of agriculture in India,the "Green Revolution"comes to the minds of ordinary readers and professional scholars who have a slight understanding of India.However,people pay less attention to the trend of Indian agriculture after the "Green Revolution".The vigorous "Green Revolution" did not really realize the modernization transformation of Indian agriculture.On the contrary,under the background of Rao-Singh’s Reform,Indian agriculture gradually fell into crisis."Rome was not built in a day".The final formation of the agricultural crisis in India also experienced a long process,which was the result of a combination of factors.The thesis is divided into four chapters:The first chapter reviews the development of agriculture in India before Rao-Singh’s Reform.From independence in 1947 to liberalization in 1991,the development of Indian agriculture can be divided into two periods:Nehru period and Green Revolution period.During Nehru’s reign,in order to solve serious agricultural problems,the Nehru government carried out all-round land reform from the institutional level.However,due to the political environment at that time,the expected land reform had limited effect and the agricultural form was still severe;in 1966,Indira Gandhi came to power.Serious agricultural problems and political situation forced Mrs.Gandhi to start the green revolution.The Green Revolution alleviated the problem of increasing food production to some extent,but Indian agriculture did not realize the transformation of modernization and did not change the nature of agricultural internalization.The second chapter discusses the development of agriculture in India since the Rao-Singh’s Reform.This agricultural crisis is a crisis of agricultural production and agricultural ecology.Agricultural growth has slowed so sharply that it has not kept pace with population growth,the number of people dependent on agriculture has not declined because of the decline in agricultural growth,and the benefits of agriculture have not been worth the costs incurred.Agriculture has become an unprofitable profession.Serious agricultural ecological problems such as shortage of irrigation water resources and damage of farming environment;In addition,Indian states have seen a spate of farmer suicides.All appearances point to the fact that Indian agriculture is in crisis after the reform.Chapter three analyzes the causes of agricultural crisis.The final formation of the crisis is the result of the comprehensive game of many factors.From the perspective of domestic factors,it is firstly related to the remaining problems of Indian agriculture after the green revolution.At that time,there were a large number of farmers’ unemployment,widespread poverty among farmers and producers,and serious fragmentation of land.The transformation of economic structure after the reform has a great influence on the formation of agricultural capital and the relationship between different industries.The role of the state has also been reshaped in the reforms,and the interpretation of its role in the eventual crisis of agriculture needs to be put in India’s unique state-building model.Internationally,the reforms have integrated India into the global economic cycle,with unbalanced trade and inflows of foreign capital increasing the vulnerability of Indian agriculture and farmers.Chapter four summarizes the impact of agricultural crisis.There is a close relationship between agriculture and industry.The crisis of agriculture in India has affected the industrialization process of India,and the gap between the rich and the poor is increasing day by day.The tension between "political society" and "civil society"becomes more and more obvious under the agricultural crisis.The rural image like pastoral poetry in the past is broken by the pace of reform,while the agricultural crisis pushes farmers away from their native land in search of a different survival philosophy.The agricultural crisis in India,which occurred after the liberalization,is also a window into the fascinating game of various new elements in the land of India after the Rao-Singh’s Reform.