A Study On The Xue Tong,Di Zi And She Ren In Unearthed Documents

From Qin Dynasty to the beginning of Han Dynasty,the identities of Xue tong(学童),Di zi(弟子)and She ren(舍人)were often tangled,which affected the later generations’understanding of their social functions and social relations.In fact,the three have the same and different,obvious differences,and different functions.The students in Qin Dynasty and early Han Dynasty were trained and managed by the school office.Before entering the school at the age of 15,their study content was not limited to writing,but also included"Jia Zi(甲子)","Suan(算)","Ma(马)"and"Da Za(大杂)".After passing the corresponding examination,Qin school children’s identity changed into"Shi(史)",but not"official".Only through the link of"Yu Shi(揄史)",they became official official officials.At present,there are only"Shi xuetong(史学童)"in the Qin Dynasty,and"Shi xuetong(史学童)","Bu xuetong(卜学童)"and"Zhu xuetong(祝学童)"in the early Han Dynasty.Accordingly,in the early Han Dynasty,the latter two kinds of children could also hold corresponding positions in various levels of government.There were many"Di Zi(弟子)"in Qin Dynasty.The law of the Chu di zi lv(除弟子律)can prove that there were public"disciples"in Qin Dynasty.And this measure is applicable to the whole country.The existence of"Xue shu li suo(学书吏所)"is more in line with the saying of"Xue li di zi(学吏弟子)".The existence of"Jia Zou(驾驺)"and"Xue Gong(学工)"can prove that there is not only one type of"Di Zi(弟子)".The existence of this situation just proves that the disciples are more in line with the thought of"taking officials as teachers"in Qin’s governance of the country.Compared with"soldiers",the learning age of"Di Zi(弟子)"is not limited,and they are exempt from military corvee,but they still need to serve in special circumstances.At the beginning of the Han Dynasty,there were no"Di Zi(弟子)"of public nature.The reason why they began to train again in the period of emperor Hanjing di(汉景帝)was the practical need of governing the country at the beginning of the Han Dynasty.In the end,the ancients had many comments on the She ren(舍人),but"Jiu nei xiao li(厩内小吏)"was incomprehensible,so it could be explained by the words"Che sheren(车舍人)"in the policy of Warring States.In the context of bamboo slips,the term"Li sheren(吏舍人)"Si sheren(私舍人)".Combined with the relevant literature and the relevant information of"Zui(冣)"in bamboo slips,we can analyze that there are indeed"Gong sheren(公舍人)"different from"Si sheren(私舍人)"and corresponding to their identity attributes.The general cognition of"She ren(舍人)"can not only prove the uniqueness of its attributes,but also the public and private attributes.No matter"Si sheren(私舍人)"or"Gong sheren(公舍人)",it is an important way to supplement officials for the Qin regime.Because of the particularity of"Si sheren(私舍人)"in the family of Qin society,it can be an important measure to make up for the defect of"Fei gong shi gao(非公室告)"in Qin law,and has the obligation of accusation against adultery.It plays an important role in strengthening centralized monarchy and state control over society.