Research On The Issue Of Arain Expropriation In Shandong Anti-Japanese Base Area

In wartime,the overall supply and demand of grain is unbalanced,and the collection of public grain is actually an effective integration of rural grain resources.Due to the delay of shandong’s construction and administration work,the grain collection work started late and developed slowly.From the perspective of the internal structure of the grain collection method the shrinkage of the tax objects and the reciprocation of the survey objects highlight the twists and turns of the evolution of shandong’s grain collection method.Technical means,such as the starting point,progressivity and reduction or exemption,have regulated military rations and civilian food and ensured the fairness and reasonableness of the burden on all levels.However,as shandong failed to directly grasp the tax base of land and population in the countryside for a long time,the burden method became more and more complicated.Shandong’s commissariat requisitioners are mostly temporarily transferred or pieced together,and the requisitioning teams are unable to meet the demand for grain requisitions either in quantity or in capacity.With the help of the local characteristic of the council and village power can not only ease the conflict between the government and the people caused by the food collection,but also become to some extent the resistance to the collection of public food.As the education level is generally low,the commissariat cadres generally do not understand the method of commissariat collection,the commissariat collection efficiency is low,in order to complete the task and often violate the policy.Due to their own limitations,farmers have little ability to handle the burden of the amount,but farmers through various forms of concealment of land or population,in order to achieve the purpose of reducing the burden.As a result of the government’s “fight” against the black land,the cost of collecting food has risen.During the war of resistance against Japanese aggression,the supply and demand of grain were basically maintained in shandong base areas.In general,public grain accounts for about 15% of farmers’ grain income,and the total burden of farmers can account for about 25% of their total income.In addition,the inventory of land is crucial to the weight of the burden of farmers,after the black land has lost the supply of farmers’ life,will also increase the burden of farmers.The burden of the war of resistance with public grain as the main not only changed the class and land rights in the countryside,but also caused great changes in the psychology and life of the peasants.Affected by the burden of the war of resistance against Japanese aggression,each class sold and leased land to different degrees.The decline of the land-rich class had no direct or inevitable connection with the rise of the middle and poor peasant class,and the improvement of the life of the middle and poor peasants was quite limited.The transfer of land rights and the decline of land price caused by the burden not only reflect the crisis of shrinking agriculture under the conditions of war,but also reflect the survival logic of Chinese farmers seeking benefits and avoiding harms and putting safety first.Under the destruction of war and famine,the farmers bear the dual pressure of production reduction and burden.The reduction of surplus grain affects the structure and quantity of food,and then reduces the quality of life.Surplus grain is not only an important measure to assess the burden carrying capacity of farmers,but also an important index to measure whether the burden is heavy or not and whether the collection method is reasonable.Wartime actual grain levies activity showed the governance mode of the communist party of China and the relationship between the Chinese communist regime and peasants of the communist party of China to complete the grain levies not only depend on the political mobilization,institutionalized operation is the key,only scientific and reasonable grain levies way can avoid eggs resources from predicament in addition,only from the emotional needs of Angle of view to observe,from the burden of farmers live and real life to analysis,to the psychology and behavior of grain levies to farmers to make a reasonable explanation.