Schopenhauer's Theory Of Will

Schopenhauer's "voluntarism" philosophy covers a wide range,including epistemology,metaphysics,aesthetics,ethics and many other contents.However,in its huge philosophical system,it has always been a"single thought",this single thought is "will","will" as the only"ontology",it is "one",it is "everything".As Schopenhauer said,"the genius in philosophy lies in one point identified by Plato: acknowledge one in many,acknowledge many in one." Schopenhauer's "volition" is"about the whole world" An abstract statement of the essence of the world is about both the whole world and all its parts "," a complete copy of the world in abstract concepts ".Schopenhauer believes that the world has "two sides",one side is the appearance,it is born of "knowledge",and it only exists to know,it is the "knowledgeable" side of the world;the other side is the will,the world itself Is the "agnostic" side of the world.In the investigation of the world of representation,the analysis of the innate form of knowledge on which the world of representation relies reveals the nihilism of the world of representation,and at the same time analyzes the basic types of representation and the corresponding cognitive abilities of the subjects it relies on.And in the discussion of appearances,an "irrational epistemology" is established,that is,the respect for intuition,that intuition is the ultimate source of all "truth," and a critique of reason and concepts.And the true intrinsic nature of the empirical world,that is,the other side of the world is the unknowable "will" as the "ontology".Thereveal of the will originates from the "identity of the will and the body".The will is represented by the idea as the "intermediary" through the level of objectification to the entire appearance world."Will" is a blind impulse and the ultimate decisive force beyond "knowledge".The objectification of will is mediated by a Platonic "idea",which is the direct objectivity of the will.Idea is the object of art.Only idea can be called "beauty",so understanding of idea is an "aesthetic".And the essence of aesthetic activity,that is,aesthetic intuition,is the unity of the aesthetic subject and the object,which is the so-called "oneness of things and one".At this time,the subject is no longer an individual as a single will phenomenon.The subject has abandoned its "individuality" or "individuality" and "self".He has got rid of all intentions,purposes,utilitarianism,etc.,and got rid of the object and himself All relations are only immersed in the scrutiny of ideas as pure knowledge.At the same time,the individual,as a phenomenon of will,was freed from the intentional drive and the blindness of various "relationships" through this aesthetic and intuitive way,that is,he obtained temporary relief from the suffering of existence.The last part turns to the investigation of the will in the field of practice and human behavior.It is the most "serious" part of the whole theory of will,which mainly answers two questions: whether free will is possible and what is "good" behavior.? In his "willist ethics",the individual's freedom of will does not exist.All behaviors and even the entire destiny in the individual's survival process are strictly subject to the "will" as an "inherent thing",subject to a "necessity ".In terms of behavior,this inevitability is manifested by the sum of all behaviors in a person's life,that is,the inevitable manifestation of their perceptual character is their single,invariant perceptual character or "will".And in the whole fate of personal survival,man must also suffer forever from being driven by blindness,constant desire,unsatisfied and never-ending "will",and thus always in pain.At the end is an examination of the true and intrinsic ethical significance of different behaviors,which reveals the roots of morality and finds the only way for "freedom" and "liberation",namely self-denial of abstinence or will.