A Comparative Study Of Appellation Terms In Chinese And Pashto And Its Implications For Chinese Teaching

Since China’s "one belt,one road" initiative was put forward,China’s cooperation with Pakistan and Afghanistan has deepened,and it is particularly important to grasp the Pashto language,one of the official languages of Afghanistan and one of the four major ethnic languages in Pakistan.The smooth communication between people often starts from the correct use of appellation.Therefore,one belt,one road,is used to explore the teaching strategies of Chinese address terms for Pashtun users.This strategy aims at reducing communication barriers between the two peoples and ensuring smooth communication,thus promoting the implementation and development of the "one belt and one way" initiative.This paper is divided into five chapters,the main contents are as follows:The first chapter is the introduction,which mainly expounds the reason and significance of the topic,the research status of appellation at home and abroad,and the basic situation of Pashto.The second chapter mainly defines the definition and classification of appellation,and clearly puts forward the classification system of this paper,and then gives a brief overview of Chinese and Pashto Appellation from two aspects of kinship appellation system and social appellation system.The third chapter mainly analyzes the classification and characteristics of kinship terms in Chinese and Pashto from two parts of written language and spoken language system.The results show that the commonness of kinship terms is greater than the individuality.Commonness: first,in both written and spoken language systems,kinship terms in Chinese and Pashto are generally based on kinship,which is divided into paternal,maternal,wife and husband kinship terms.The second is that Chinese is influenced by the local small-scale peasant economy and traditional patriarchal concepts,and Pashto language is influenced by the patriarchal heirs of its tribal system.Most of its kinship terms show the characteristics of distinguishing patriarchal and matrilineal,elders and children,genders and face names.Personality: formal kinship terms are usually used to address relatives in Chinese,but in Pashto kinship terms,there is a set of simple and respectful family terms besides formal kinship terms,and the frequency of use is higher than that of formal kinship terms.In the fourth chapter,the author makes a comparative study of Chinese and Pashto social appellations from six categories: social general name,name appellation,occupation appellation,personal pronoun,quasi kinship appellation and zero appellation.The results show that the social appellations of the two languages are more individual than common.Common aspects: first,in Chinese and Pashto social appellations,strangers and acquaintances are distinguished.Second,the social appellations of Chinese and Pashto are basically gender specific.Third,the social appellations of Chinese and Pashto are basically different from the surface appellation and the back appellation,especially the professional appellation.In terms of personality: first,there are strict requirements for gender of symmetrical callers and addressees in Pashto.Some appellations are only used between the same sex,which is generally not required in Chinese.The second is the different composition of Chinese and Pashto names.Thirdly,some professional appellations in Pashto lack the appellations for female practitioners.Fourth,there are some differences between Chinese and Pashto personal pronouns.Fifth,there are some differences between Chinese and Pashto quasi kinship terms in terms of address object,choice of address words and usage.The fifth chapter is mainly based on the comparative research results of the third and the fourth chapter.From the common and different aspects of Chinese,Pashto kinship terms and social terms,it discusses the enlightenment it brings to the teaching of Chinese address terms,in order to promote the overall development of Chinese as a second language teaching.