Study On "X Ran" Commentary Adverbs In Modern Chinese

"X Ran" commentary adverbs refer to a type of disyllabic adverbs with commentary function,which takes "Ran" as the end of the word and expresses the subjective positive or negative attitude of the speaker in the sense.The predecessors have done more research on the " X Ran " words and commentary adverbs,but lack of systematic research on the " X Ran " commentary adverbs that combine positive and negative judgments.In order to help people distinguish and use this kind of words correctly,reduce the use error rate of this kind of words effectively,and to improve people’s attention to this kind of words,This article divides the 11 "X Ran" commentary adverbs in the "Modern Chinese Dictionary"(7th Edition)into five subcategories based on semantic features: 1."Cheng Ran" and "Chun Ran",which indicate direct affirmation of facts;2."Dang Ran" and "Zi Ran",express an objective inferential affirmation based on some reason;3."Duan Ran","Jue Ran" and "Ding Ran",which express subjective inferential affirmation;4."Guo Ran","Jing Ran" and "Ju Ran",between expressing positive and negative evaluations;5."Tu Ran",which expresses negative evaluation.Chapters 2 to 6 are the main part of this article.The contents of these five chapters correspond to the above five types of "X Ran" commentary adverbs,and the writing order follows the degree of certainty from strong to weak.From the synchronic level,this paper takes BCC corpus as the main corpus source,and adopts the methods of combining description and interpretation,quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis,and comparative analysis,based on the “Three dimension Theory”,focusing on the three aspects of semantics,syntax,and pragmatics,these 11 words were analyzed and studied for commonness and personality,and draws the following conclusions: 1.Semantically,they all point to the speaker.2.Syntactic aspects:(1)In syntactic position,they are mostly used in the middle of the sentence,after the subject,very few of them appear at the end of the sentence;(2)In co-occurrence collocation,they are used in affirmative sentence with judgment verb "Shi",or they are used in negative sentence with negative adverb "Bu",in addition,"Tu Ran" is mostly used in conjunction with verbs or adjectives indicating negative meanings;(3)In syntactic function,it can be independent into sentences and used as high-level predicates.3.Pragmatic aspects:(1)When "X Ran" commentary adverbs are used at the beginning or the end of a sentence,the whole proposition is commented on,and when they appear in the middle of the sentence,part of the proposition is commented on;(2)It has the function of emphasizing the effect of expression,expressing the speaker’s positive or negative evaluation,convinced or doubtful attitude.4.The strength of the affirmative degree of these 11 words when expressing the commentary is: Cheng Ran > Chun Ran > Dang Ran > Zi Ran > Duan Ran > Jue Ran > Ding Ran > Guo Ran > Jing Ran > Ju Ran > Tu Ran.At the end of the article,the cause of the asymmetric phenomenon of affirmation and negation in the commentary adverbs of "X Ran" in modern Chinese is explained: 1.The "X Ran" commentary adverbs which express the affirmative evaluation are often combined with the negative adverbs or verbs such as "Bu","Mei You","Wu",so the "X Ran" commentary adverbs which express the negative evaluation is replaced;2.Euphemistic,implicit language expression habits and pragmatic politeness principles reduce the use of "X Ran" commentary adverbs that express negative evaluations.