The Research On Opera Performance Of The Double Seventh Festival In Qing Palace

The prosperous period of opera art is the Qing Dynasty.During the Qianlong period,the performance of the Qing Palace Opera reached its peak,and then the performance of the Palace Opera showed a declining trend,and the number of performers decreased.Until the Daoguang period,the number of actors was reduced on a large scale,and it was restructured in 1827.The NanFu was changed ShengPing Department,all of whose staff were made up of eunuchs,so the performance was at a low ebb.The imperial drama of the Qing Dynasty is of great significance in the development history of Chinese opera art,among which the Qing Palace Festival Opera is more special,because it not only plays an entertaining role,but also reflects the festival customs,national will and spiritual rituals.From the beginning of the Qianlong Dynasty,every festival in the Qing Dynasty,such as New Year’s Day,Lichun,Shangyuan,Yanjiu,Huachao,Bathing Buddha,Duanyang,Qixi,Zhongyuan,Mid-Autumn,Chongyang,Publishing New Year,Winter Solstice,Late Day,Sacrifice Kitchen,New Year’s Eve and so on,will be staged in the court.The performance is frequent,the content conforms to the festival connotation,customs,atmosphere.If something delays,it needs to "make-up".The double seventh festival played an important role in both the court and the people in the Qing Dynasty.The court of the Qing Dynasty will undertake the relevant operas on the day of Qixi Festival.This paper mainly studies and analyses the performance system,script textual research and the concept of seasonal drama in the Qing Palace.From the records of Shengping Department,the performance activities of Qiqiao Festival in the Qing Palace should be divided into two categories: sacrificial offerings and ornamental performances.Most of the sacrificial performances are performed in the morning,accompanied by the rituals of emperors,queens and concubines to express incense and worship "Qiaoguo",Neixue leaders and eunuchs wore pythons to complement their jackets to serve their prayers.They often performed “QiXiangBaoZhang” and “ShiNvQiQiao”,the contents of the two plays are consistent,and the venues vary from dynasty to dynasty.Ornamental theatre is the secondacceptance of Qiqiao Festival.The duration,time and place of performances vary from dynasty to dynasty.It is generally accepted by Festival Theatre as opening and group venue,which is relatively fixed.From the content of the play,sacrificial offerings and ornamental plays play the roles of entertaining gods and people respectively.Festival plays have strong rituality,which fully reflects the theme of women’s begging,and also reflects the ideas of the ruling class of the feudal dynasty.At the same time,combining with the research results of predecessors,the festival plays of the Qing Palace are determined.On this basis,the existing scripts are sorted out and classified one by one,and the content of each version is compared and analyzed,so as to judge the approximate acting time of different scripts as far as possible.Because of the incomplete data,the findable scripts have “QiXiangBaoZhang” and“ShiNvQiQiao”(16 kinds),“YinHeQueDu”(outline: 4 kinds),“QueQiaoMiShi”(10 kinds),“LiuZhouQiQiao” and “JiangJieChuanChi”(opern 1 kind).At present,there is no precise concept of "seasonal drama".The definition given by predecessors is ambiguous.There should be three criteria for judging "seasonal drama".Firstly,whether the performance time relatively focused on a certain seasonal time point.Secondly,whether the opening words of QuWen indicate the certain season.Thirdly,in the course of performance,the opera form and story content under the influence of specific festivals and customs are displayed.In the court of Qing Dynasty,Seasonal opera was indispensable,with equal emphasis on rites and music and mutual restriction.Court rituals and music symbolize the ancient Chinese cultural tradition and the concept of imperial rule.The Qing Dynasty Festival drama is the artistic form that maintains and symbolizes the stability of a country’s order,and also shows the rise and fall of this order.