A Three-dimensional Study On The Sentence Pattern Of "Bu Zhi Yu"

The sentence pattern of“bu zhi yu” is widely used in modern Chinese,and it has very rich semantic meanings and a high pragmatic value.Therefore,this paper is to take it as the research object by considering it as a verb and the negative form of the verb “zhi yu”.A comprehensive analysis will be conducted from three dimensions: syntactic forms,semantic meanings and pragmatic functions.In terms of the syntactics,the forms of the sentence pattern “bu zhi yu” fall into three categories,namely,the structure with the attached component,the omission of the attached components and the independent sentence.When “bu zhi yu” has attached ingredients,according to the grammatical function,the attached components are divided into substantival element,predicate element,and a separate supplemental component as a means of modal particles.In addition,affected by the context,the attached components of “bu zhi yu” can be omitted.A third case is that the pattern of “bu zhi yu” can be an independent sentence,or used in repetition for emphasis,but its opposite “zhi yu” cannot be used independently.In terms of semantics,a systematic analysis is conducted on the semantics of the sentence pattern “bu zhi yu”.By analyzing the specific material,the semantic meaning of the sentence pattern “bu zhi yu” can be concluded as follows: limited space,limited material and limited degree.According to the semantic tendency,the semantic meanings of attached components are either negative or positive.In addition,the semantic features of the attached component are mainly negative.And the reasons to account for this phenomenon will be explained by means of a cognitive study of expectations.In terms of pragmatics,the discourse functions of the sentence pattern “bu zhi yu”will be systematically explored and the following five kinds of pragmatic functions will be considered: expressing subjective emotion,prediction and reflection,emphasis,contrast and speech motivation.For the last function,a study of verbal behaviors and expectations is conducted to probe into the reasons of speech motivation.Based on the systematic research of “bu zhi yu” sentence pattern,three pedagogical suggestions such as context teaching,graphic teaching and class practice are put forward so as to help students better understand the sentence pattern “bu zhi yu” in teaching Chinese as a foreign language.