Restructuring In E-C Translation As Exemplified By The Translation Of By The City Of The Long Sand

With the first and the second parts of By the City of the Long Sand--A Tale of New China and corresponding translations as the research object,this thesis aims to report restructuring of the translations on the basis of existing comparative studies of English and Chinese.Restructuring is known as reorganization.In E-C translation,due to differences in languages and modes of thinking between East and West,translators need to restructure or reorganize messages according to syntactic habits and standards of Chinese after analyzing the grammatical structure and semantic relations of the source text,and then reproduce the target text.Differences between English and Chinese are mainly reflected in the following aspects.Focusing on subjects and predicates,and connected by various cohesive devices,hypotaxis-centered English always uses long and complex sentences.Parataxis-centered Chinese is concise,and its sentences are often laid out after a certain topic with less or even no connections.Differences also exist between Chinese and Western modes of thinking.The Chinese emphasize experience obtained through practice,understand things through overall perception and intuition,and thus summarize the essence;Westerners pay attention to scientific analysis and rational induction,and grasp laws and regulations by logical reasoning.Considering differences in languages and thinking modes,the author mainly adopts two restructuring strategies in translating By the City of the Long Sand--A Tale of New China,namely division and combination.Division refers to translating a word or a phrase into a clause,or asentence into two sentences.Combination means combining two or more words in a sentence into one word,two phrases into one phrase,or two sentences into one sentence.In addition,in translation practice,the translator always adopts restructuring strategies of division and combination at the same time,and then restructures the target text to make it more acceptable to target readers.