| With the progress of human civilization,the development level of special education has become a measure of the comprehensive strength of a country or a region and the sign of the degree of civilization,and it reflects the people-oriented spirit of the times in a certain extent.The formal special education in Japan started in late nineteenth Century.After the development over a hundred years,it has been changed from the social charity into public education which has the education thought of democracy,advanced education concept,comprehensive educational institutions and more perfect legal system.By contrast,the starting time of special education in China and Japan is similar,but it’s often overlooked in reality and treated differently.The reason is that the different degrees and the result of the development of the two countries lead to the result that the modern special education now is not the same as the pattern of special education in Japan.Until the end of World War II,special education in Japan had formed a basic system,institutionalization and democratization level was relatively high.The paper mainly elaborates and analyzes the development stages,reasons and characteristics of all stages of modern Japanese special education,and explores its development process.This paper consists of five chapters.The first chapter elaborates the special education from the end of Tokugawa Shogunate to the budding of it in 1877.Under the background of Western civilization,special education ushered in the dawn during that period.However,the Japanese government did not consider to put the special education into the public education system.The second chapter discusses the preliminary special education development in the late Meiji Period.Increasing rate of compulsory education enrollment makes Japan broaden the restrictions of establishment of special education institutions.The third chapter expounds the revitalization of special education in Japan during the Taisho Period.Promoted by freedom of the civil rights movement and Taisho Democracy Movement,the Japanese government implemented a proactive response policy to them,issued deaf blindness special education methods and implemented the special child protection policy.Since then,special education has begun to be changed into institutionalization.The fourth chapter discusses the special education in the early Showa.Under the shadow of militarism,the special education still had great development before 1937.That was because the government gave the administrative and financial support to it.The government developed the education of the sick in the form of school maintenance class or schools and other special educations properly.After1937,the special education was at the edge of paralysis damaged by war and fascism.Fortunately,most schools and organizations were still well preserved until 1946.The fifth chapter evaluates Japanese modern special education.The development factors of special education are the modernization of Japanese society,the timely adjustment of education policy,the active and enterprising folk power,etc.The features of special education are: the special education of each type is extremely unbalanced in modern times,and the development of education is far more than that of other special education.Influenced by the dual culture of Japan and the west,special education presents the characteristics of eastern and western culture.Finally,through the analysis of the special education in modern Japan,it can give China three inspirations: vigorously promoting correct concept of special education;relying on government’s support to promote the legalization and institutionalization of special education development;building a social support system to enhance the development of special education. |
