The Study Of Chuanpiao In Ming And Qing Dynasties

Chuanpiao,also known as the "grain chuan" and “cut-off ticket”,is the payment certificate issued to nahu when the government collects the land grant in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.The Central Government of the Ming Dynasty did not make uniform provisions on the form and name of the serial ticket.And the situation varies from place to place,but its specific connotations are similar.That is,the characteristics of the food vouchers given by the government are consistent.In the Qing Dynasty,the Chuanpiao became a popular means in the collection of money and grain.And issued by the court,written in the national code,become part of the ticketing system.Cooperating with tax collection books,it plays an important role in preventing various drawbacks of the process of levying taxes.From Ming to Qing,the establishment of the serial ticket system has a process of continuous improvement.This process contains a conflict game between the central and local,including the setting of the deadline for the serial number,the design of the serial ticket style,and the discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of the "live string" and "string".The serial ticket itself is constantly adjusted and improved in this game,constantly adapting to the actual situation in the process of tax collection.By analyzing the records of the serial votes and the changes in the serial votes reflected in the traditional documents,it helps us to better understand the correspondence between the system and the implementation.With the continuous improvement of the serial ticket itself,it gradually became the most important document in the tax collection from the middle and late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China.Since the day of implementation,the content,format,and form of the series have been changing,and these changes are closely related to the changes in the system of the Ming and Qing dynasties,that is,due to changes in time and geography,and changes in the system of servitude.Different characteristics.For example,the design of the Chuanpiao itself is closely related to the “limitation” system.The “one whip method” changes the payment method of taxation,thus changing the serial ticket from auxiliary to the main collection tool.It becomes an intermediate link and is followed by With the government,power and obligation,this is the ideal mode of levying of the central government to try to use the Chuanpiao to directly link the government to the household and to ban all intermediate systems.