Synchronic And Diachronic Analysis Of "Shuoshenme(???)" From The View Of Constructionalization And Constructional Changes

“Shuoshenme(???)”can express unconditional concessions,negation and can also be used as a reporting marker.Based on the corpus analysis,and guided by the theory of Constructionalization and Constructional Changes,this article systematically studies the latter two usages from the perspectives of synchrony and diachrony.In terms of synchronicity,the second chapter discusses the negative usage of Shuoshenme in the construct of “ShuoshenmeX”.About the syntactic features,X can be NP,AP,VP and clauses;About the using environment,“Shuoshenme” prefers the interactive conversation environment;Semantically,its core semantics is negative,but in the specific context,there are six kinds of negations such as negation of speech acts;About the pragmatic function,“Shuoshenme” has four functions: relief,prevention,refutation,and expression of personal emotion.With regard to the hierarchical structure of “ShuoshenmX”,this paper proposes three possibilities.Based on the analyzing of their advantages and disadvantages one by one,it argues that“ShuoshenmeX” should be analyzed as “Shuoshenme+X”.The third chapter studies the usage of reporting marker of “Shuoshenme”.In this chapter,it discusses the difference between “Shuoshenme” and “Shuo(?)” when they are used as reporting marker.It also discusses the semantic and pragmatic backgrounds of this usage.The article argues that “Shuoshenme” is a negative evaluation reporting marker from a speaker's or author's point,and it belongs to the modality category,while “Shuo” belongs to evidentiality.There are four semantic and pragmatic backgrounds when using “Shuoshenme” as a reporting marker: the quotations go against personal interests or violate personal cognition;the quotations are contrary to facts,social norms,or social cognition;speech acts expressed byquotations are inconsistent with new factual behaviors;quotations are consistent with the nature of negative events above.In the diachronic aspect,in ancient Chinese,“Shuoshenme”can be written as“yunshen(??)”,“weishen(??)”,“yanshenme(???)”,“yanshenme(???)”,“daoshen(??)”,“daoshenme(???)”.But they are not the source of“Shuoshenme”.About the trends in using,the negative usage of“ShuoshenmeX”first seen in the Tang Dynasty.The usage of reporting marker was first seen in the ZHUZIYULEI in the Song Dynasty.From the Tang Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty,the negative usage occupied a dominant position.From the Qing Dynasty,the usage of the reporting marker is dominant.In terms of their specific usage,the scope of the two usages has gradually expanded,and the reporting usage of“Shuoshenme”appears the usage similar to complementizer in the Ming Dynasty.