| Reductionism and non-reductionism are the two interpretations of consciousness by contemporary spiritual philosophers.The reductionism in the perspective of physicalism holds that everything can be described by the level of physical language,but the theory faces the existence and feeling of consciousness.Questioning the quality and other issues.The non-reductionist position holds that the issue of consciousness is non-reducing and cannot be explained by physical facts,but can lead to dualism,mysticism and emergentism.Based on this,philosophers put forward the naturalistic non-reducing interpretation of consciousness,which not only guarantees the status of physical science,avoids a series of doubts about non-reduction theory,but also respects the non-reduction of consciousness and overcomes the limitations of reductionism..Among the philosophers who have a naturalistic non-reducing interpretation of consciousness,the most influential and controversial are Searle and Chalmers.Searle believes that consciousness is caused by the biological processes of the brain,but it is subjective.Therefore,reducing it to an objective thing will miss the essential features of consciousness.Chalmers believes that consciousness is a natural phenomenon and advocates the use of scientific methods to explain consciousness.Because consciousness is attached to physics naturally rather than logically,it is non-reducing.When comparing Searle and Chalmers’ s theory of consciousness,they found that there is both consensus and confrontation between the two.On the one hand,both are based on the position of naturalism,recognizing the incompleteness of physicalism and the existence of sensibility,and making a non-reconstructive interpretation of consciousness.On the other hand,Searle and Chalmers,because of their different understandings of naturalism,lead to different opinions on the important ideological experiment "Zombie Argument" of the essence of argumentation consciousness,and disagreement on the source of consciousness,and finally explain Differences in consciousness problems,Searle tried to state the non-reducing nature of consciousness problems,and Chalmers tried to propose ways to solve consciousness.The non-reduction theory of naturalism has been questioned since its inception.First,non-reducing interpretations have a gap that is difficult to cross dualism.Although Searle claimed that he was a monist and clearly expressed his opposition to dualism,when he made an ontological non-reductive interpretation of consciousness,he would inevitably fall into the dualism situation.Smith even thought that Searle was the practice of attribute dualism..In addition,Chalmers insists on the position of attribute dualism to non-reductive interpretation of consciousness,but in the relationship between mind and body,how the two are related,and if the consciousness comes from information according to Chalmers,there will be pan The problem of mind.Second,question whether the existence of consciousness has a legal status.Searle and Chalmers’ consciousness theory was strongly opposed by Dennett,who denied the existence of consciousness and believed that consciousness was merely an illusion of human beings,which is almost for Searle and Chalmers.Destructive questioning.If consciousness does not exist,then the research of Searle and Chalmers has no foothold,and the existing science and technology can not prove what the consciousness experience is.In short,although the naturalistic non-reducing interpretation is not perfect,it provides a new method in the path of non-reductive interpretation of consciousness,which provides ideas for us to further understand and solve the problem of consciousness. |
