Research On The Feedback System In Song Dynasty

The Feedback is also called Huifeng,Delegation,Huizeng,Yifeng,etc.It is a rule for the official transfer of Song officials.It refers to a system in which officials make an application to transfer their or relatives' rewards to others,which essentially belongs to the redistribution of reward.The scope of the feedback is wide-ranging,The content of the feedback is diverse.Officials can apply for rewards from themselves or their relatives.In addition to the official residence,the official's suit can also be used for feedback.The earliest feedback occurred in the Northern Wei Dynasty.After the development of the Sui and Tang Dynasties,to the Song Dynasty,feedback has become a more common system in bureaucratic management.The system of feedback in the Song Dynasty can be divided into four stages.The period from the Song Dynasty to the Song Yingzong period was the development period,the Song Shenzong to Song Zhezong period was the maturity period,and the Song Huizong to Song ningzong was the flood period,Song Lizong to the end of the Southern Song Dynasty is death period.The names of feedback are multiple,Mainly can be divided into military-style feedback,ceremonial-type feedback,ritual-type feedback,grinding and re-inspection and other feedback,etc.Multi-channel,wide-area feedback is also the Emperor ' s attempt to bridge the door to official from all sides.Before the reform of Yuanfeng,Zhongshumenxia lifang and Sifengsi are the main regulatory agency of feedback,The important part was Zhongshumenxia,and the Sifengsi was only responsible for the collection and transmission of documents.After the reform of Yuanfeng to the end of the Southern Song Dynasty,The rightsof the government returned to the six ministries in three provinces,and the main regulatory department for the feedback was Sifengsi.In the Song Dynasty,feedback system has matured and has a basic set of operational procedures,including: getting a reward,application for feedback,examination and inspection,writing a commission,and thanks the emperor.Through the operation of the feedback process,which regulates the operation of the system,it also emphasizes the relationship of the monarch and the minister,indicating that all the rights of the official come from the emperor,and must be loyal to the emperor,it is an ideological dictatorship of the emperor in the imperial era.Judging from the social status of the beneficiaries,it mainly includes the feedback of civil and military officers,the feedback of sectarians,the feedback of eunuchs,the feedback of empress,and the feedback of technical officers.The types of officials are different,and the system of feedback is different.This is the result of the government's "suitability for the job."The feedback system is a good way to connect the "home" and the "nation".The back of the system is reflected in the principle of"The defense of the matter",and also shows the "example" and "law""The conflicts and cooperation,the "law of the ancestors" and the "law for the later generations" have also been implemented.The characteristics of the Song Dynasty's feedback system are distinct.Compared with the previous dynasty,the scope of feedback has expanded;in the process of development,the feedback system has gradually matured;in the operation of feedback,the phenomenon of “Teen” is more serious,which destroying the impartiality of feedback;and there is an phenomenon through the feedback system,woman who remains a widow were praised.The feedback system has far-reaching effects.At the national level,the feedback system has become a means of maintaining state rule.From a social perspective,thefeedback system helps to cultivate the concept of filial piety,create a good social environment,and maintain the rule of the dynasty.From a personal perspective,Through the feedback system,the "home" and "country" are connected.and realized the target of “loyalty and filial piety”.Finally,with the demise of the Song Dynasty,the system of feedback was almost history,There are only occasional remnants in later dynasties.