A Study About Modernity Problem In Kant's Philosophy Of Cognitive Reason And Practical Reason

The issue of modernity is a fundamental problem faced by people of this era,which involves all aspects of human's theoretical and practical life,and it is complex and changeful.The Renaissance and the Reformation have freed people from the shackles of Christian theology,and attracted people's attention from the heaven to the human world,and on this occasion,the early modern philosophy represented by empiricism and rationalism and the French Enlightenment became the two main forces that promoted the development of modernity.First of all,the two shows a positive effect on modernity.They provide the necessary rational basis for the accumulation of modern science and technology,the revolution of social and political systems and the transformation of ideas;On the other hand,the philosophy of this period equates rationality with the one-sided understanding of science,so that hinders the further development of modernity,and leads to many problems such as the crisis of reason,the loss of freedom,and the dilemma of metaphysics.All these are modernity problems that Kant faces.The issue of modernity is left to Kant's dual mission: first,Kant must create a solid foundation for the continuous advancement of modern science and demonstrate the basis of the universal necessity of scientific knowledge;second,Kant must lift the blind faith in instrumental rationality,and recapitulate the value and dignity of human nature.In order to achieve these two purposes,Kant started from the epistemology and re-examined all aspects of human reason,and therefore establishes three major critical systems of criticism centered on practical philosophy.His work solves the modernity problems he faces to a certain extent and has a far-reaching influence until the period of rapid development of modernity,from the mid-19 th century to the mid-20 th century,during which the two major trends,modern scientism andhumanism,still draw strength from Kant's philosophy in the face of the theme of modernity.In the present,modernity has penetrated into all aspects of social life and presented an extremely complex look.But no matter how it changes,the origin of modernity and the center of the problem are always human reason.People's understanding of rationality and its socialization process always portrays the social landscape of modernity from both positive and negative dimensions.For the first time,Kant systematically criticized human reason and constructed the principle of transcendental subjectivity as the cornerstone of modernity.Therefore when we try to understand and deal with the issue of modernity,it is an inevitable part of returning to Kant.The main purpose of this paper is to re-examine the various connections between Kant and modernity,analyze the modernity effect of rational critique,and sum up valuable experience and lessons for solving today's modernity problems.