The Body And The Will Have Indentity——a Study Of Schopenhauer’s Thoughts Of Body

Schopenhauer was one of the important pioneers of modern philosophy.His philosophy inherited the German classical philosophy initiated by Kant and pioneered the voluntarism philosophy.Schopenhauer’s philosophy not only included the reflection on the traditional philosophical problems,but also reflected a certain psychological state of the German citizen class at that time.In the process of the formation of Schopenhauer’s philosophy,he focused on the use of the body to construct his metaphysics and epistemology.He regarded the will as noumenon through the body’s internal feelings,grasped the identity of the will and the body in two world levels,and liberated the body that had been suppressed by rationalism and mechanical materialism for a long time.He used the perspective of life to unify the body and spirit which have been divided for a long time into the body,which was the positive aspect of Schopenhauer’s body thought and pioneered the western philosophy.The essences of Schopenhauer’s philosophy is to guide people to happiness.This part embodies the pessimism of Schopenhauer’s philosophy.He thinks there should be no life.He focuses on the relationship between life and suffering and think they are inseparable.People who want to pursue happiness are people who want Nirvana.Pursuing Nirvana is to deny will to live.Denying the will to live is denying the body,so in his doctrine about three ways to Nirvana(aesthetic,sympathy and abstinence),body is always denied in different degrees.This is the negative side of his body thought.In this paper,according to its positive and negative side of the body thought we give an analysis about the thought of body in Schopenhauer’s philosophy.Schopenhauer’s philosophy is summarized as a formula with the body as the bond," exist= pain = will = body → deny body = dengy will = happiness = nothing".Three characteristics of his body are analyzed: will identity,body monism and the negation of the thoroughness of the body in ethics.This paper also analyzes Schopenhauer’s postmortem,Nietzsche’s criticism of Schopenhauer’s body thought.Based on the body,Nietzsche adopts a more positive stance of affirming the body than Schopenhauer.Introduction: it mainly describes the origin and purpose of this paper.As a category with multi-dimensional significance,the body has been paid more and more attention by contemporary philosophy.It has a long history and often lurk in the history of philosophy.The first chapter: this chapter selected important thinkers in western philosophy,combing and analyzing their thoughts on the body,such as Plato who study the relationship between soul and body within the framework of the soul.He thought the body as a kind of obstacle to the truth and the idea of good.Descartes came up with dualism of body and mind.In certain sense,he gave the liberation of the body but made it possible to body to be dominated by the nous.La maetri highlights the physical status of the body,but with strong mechanical color.Chapter two: from this chapter,we enter the interior of Schopenhauer’s philosophy.The metaphysics of will originates from according to the fourth kind of representation in the law of sufficient reason in which the thought of the body as the subject of the will is hidden.Schopenhauer put the body feelings into the noumenal world and realized the will through the inner feeling of the body.He replaced the cognitive subject with the desire subject.Chapter three: this chapter mainly studies Schopenhauer’s theory of pursuing "liberation" in life.In art and asceticism,which are highly personalized activities,the body is shown as a way to achieve liberation,although in a negative sense.Chapter four: this chapter discusses the influence of Schopenhauer’s body thought.Schopenhauer paid great attention to the body,but still did not get rid of Plato’s influence,so he went on the road of denying the body.Nietzsche and Schopenhauer were somewhat in agreement about the framework of the world,but Nietzsche took a more active stance.Conclusion: this part summarizes the whole paper.Schopenhauer’s philosophy not only surpasses the opposition between subject and object,but also liberates the body which is a modern philosophical element from the perspective of the original desire impulse and the of perspective life.