The Study Of Talented Women Groups In Jiangnan Region From Late Ming To Mid-Qing Dynasty

From the Ming Wanli Dynasty to the Qing Daoguang Dynasty,with the prosperity of economy and the surge of social thoughts,female literacy and idioms became more and more common,and a large number of talented women who could compose and sing poems appeared.The number of talented women was largest in the Jiangnan region.It had a rapid growth in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties,and the distribution was concentrated in Suzhou,Hangzhou,Jiaxing and other places.Talented women are more skilled in recording and reproducing their writing,and are also better at expressing themselves.They also develop their communication activities with their poetic and literary talents.Talented women of large families(gentry and intellectual families) communicate with others through the ties of families,family members or relatives,ranging from small families to families,and even out of the families.In addition,the increasing number of talented women doesn't rely entirely on the help of the gentry's families,but also rely on their own talents to carry out social interaction.The general communication of talented women has promoted a more mature way of communication,called community gathering,which is a spontaneous and more organized way for talented women to go out of their families and acquaintances' networks.Talented women's communication is from scratch to maturity,which means the new generation of talented women in Ming and Qing Dynasties and the progress of traditional society.The unique Jiangnan region is the fertile soil where talented women can germinate and grow.The unique natural and humanistic landscape in Jiangnan region has created the second largest artistic and literary group "talented women" after scholars.It has promoted a large number of literary and artistic works with Jiangnan characteristics as the theme,and has nurtured the culture of Jiangnan.In addition,the mobility of businessmen,scholars and talented women in the Ming and Qing Dynasties also provides opportunities for the exchange of talented women.Population mobility has broken the regional barrier,and the reward and interaction between scholars and talented women has stimulated the desire of strangers to communicate.The talented women in Jiangnan region break through the traditional female image in the boudoir and seek a balance between interpersonal communication and the norms of female education.They communicate with scholars,monks and prostitutes in the roles of teachers,apprentices,friends and teachers,breaking the constraints of class,gender and space.With the change of the times,the improvement of the cultural level of talented women and their communication have promoted the change of their views on talented women.In the late Ming Dynasty,which was a critical moment in the history,when the family and state changed dramatically and the ethics collapsed,talented women,as social elites,expressed a strong sense of family and state.By the Qing Dynasty,the etiquette creed was gradually restored,and the revival of temperament ideological trend contradicted the theory and education which led to controversy over the talent and virtue of talented women,but failed to prevent the increasing number of talented women.With the deepening of the creative consciousness of talented women,the frequent foreign exchanges and the publication of a large number of female poems,women themselves are more identical with the status of "talented women",and society has gradually accepted this group.The connotation of female gender culture has evolved from a single boudoirs' culture of assisting husbands,educating children and housekeeping to a culture of talented and literary women,which enables the exchange and integration of gender cultures of different classes and independent men and women.The creation and communication activities of talented women in Jiangnan region reflect the changes of the times.The prosperity of talented women after Wanli dynasty reflects the development of economy and culture in the south of the Yangtze River and the surge of temperament and thoughts.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the creation of talented women was uninterrupted,and their communication with scholars and prostitutes was more extensive and widespread,which reflected the disintegration of social order such as superiority and inferiority,nobility and inferiority,men and women,prostitutes and prostitutes under the social turmoil of this period.The society was extremely complex and conflicting,which provided more space for women's creation and communication activities.In the early Qing Dynasty,the growth rate of talented women slowed down,reflecting the destruction of the south of the Yangtze River by national politics,the revival of Neo-Confucianism and the strengthening of etiquette.By the mid-Qing Dynasty(emperor Yongzheng emperor Qianlong emperor Daoguang),the prosperity and rich activities of talented women's creation reflected the revival of social culture and spiritual trend of thought in this period,and the recognition of talent by the society.The literary creation and communication activities of talented women were also the epitome of the changes of the times.The vast emergence of talented women and their communication activities reflect the development and changes of Jiangnan society.The emergence of talented women reflects the unique cultural ecology of Jiangnan region,which is characterized by regional restraint,multidimensional culture and high inclusiveness.Talented women's creation is a culture that drifts away from the edge of Confucian ethics and reflects the ambiguity of Confucian ethical boundaries.With the deepening of Jiangnan's urbanization,the number of towns has increased significantly,the economy of towns is developing in depth,the distance between gentries and businessmen is getting closer,and the interaction and connection of citizen's life is getting closer,which promote the new sociality in the Jiangnan,that is,the integration of Confucian and commercial cultures.The merger of Confucian and commercial cultures breaks the restrictions of Confucian ethical culture with strict hierarchy,and produces a more popular and social life culture of citizens and creative culture of talented women.At the same time,the mobility and convergence of the population and the exchange of talented women reflect the smooth flow of Jiangnan traffic and the change of leisure mode.