Study On The Relationship Between "Dao" And "Viture" In Jia Yi's "New Book"

“Dao” and “Virtue” are ancient and profound concepts,and have developed under the pre-Qin Hundred Schools of Thought philosophers,becoming important components of traditional Chinese philosophy and ethical thought.“Dao” and “Virtue” are central concepts in Daoist philosophy,and also serve as an important basis of perfect humanity and righteousness in Confucianism.From the perspective of Legalism,“Dao” and “Virtue” is understood in association with law,method,and power.The many philosophers of the Hundred Schools of Thought payed particular attention to these terms,causing Jia Yi's(of the Western Han Dynasty)thoughts on “Dao” and “Virtue” to have rich philosophical resources.Jia Yi carried on and developed the pre-Qin philosophy's thinking about “Dao” and “Virtue” to gain a foothold in the Han Dynasty's political sphere,put into practice in society.Additionally,he advanced the ideas of “The six priciples of viture ”,“The six beautiful manifestations of viture” especially contained in the New Book's three parts: “the arts of the dao,” “the Six Methods,” and “Explaining Dao and Virtue.”In Jia Yi's Daoist philosophy,“Dao” and “Virtue” are mutually dependent,constructing the relationship between Heaven,men,affairs,and physical things as the fundamental operative model.“The Dao” is the origin and metaphysical existence,connecting everything beginning to end.It is characterized by being formless,implementing this world and everything in it.Interhuman relations ought also to have their “Dao,” being the “highest principle.” In the different levels of human life,“the Dao” is manifested in the form of “Virtue.” “Virtue” is the implementation of the processes and contents of “the Dao” down,and its manifestation is “the Six Principles of Virtue” and the “The Six Beautiful Manifestations of Viture” The “Six Principles of Virtue”(i.e.“Dao,” “Virtue,” “Nature,” “Spirit,” “Intelligence,” and “Fate”)are the essential components of “Virtue.” The “The Six Beautiful Manifestations of Viture”(i.e.“Humaneness,” “Appropriateness”,“Righteousness,” “Loyalty,” “Trustworthiness,” “The Nobleness of Viture”)lay particular emphasis on Confucian virtues,i.e.Humaneness,Righteousness,Wisdom and Trustworthiness,emphasizing the “ought-ness” societal behavioral norms and the pursuit of the one's moral character and nature.Jia Yi's “Dao” and “Virtue” are characterized by a relationship of the complexity of mutual support and dependency.Speaking in terms of internal properties,“Dao” is the ontological source of “Virtue,” while “Virtue” is the physical medium of the “Dao”;“Virtue” may be found in the “Dao,” and the “Dao” may be found in “Virtue,” with the two mutually intersecting.In terms of order of existence,the “Dao” gives rise to “Virtue”,and the “Way” also gives rise to the myriad things.“Virtue” in turn helps develop and raise the myriad things,and the two mutually cooperate and are dependent on the other.Speaking in terms of qualities,the “Dao” and “Virtue” are the ontological basis for humans,affairs,and physical things,and their essence is “formlessness.” The “Dao” serves as a social pattern and is manifested in behavioral norms and the absolute necessity of intrinsic quality.“Virtue” refers to the “ought-ness” of the implementation of moral quality,and all that is contained in the “Dao” of the “Way of fathers and sons,” “Way of bothers,” “Way of Husbands and Wives,” among other interpersonal relationships,shares a homogeneity with “Virtue.” Perfect “Virtue” is the attainment of the “Dao,” In the world,the behavior of the world is in harmony with "Virtue," in order to reach the " Dao " in the relationship between man and Heaven,“Dao” and “Virtue” intercommunicate and complete each other.From “Dao” to “Virtue” in Jia Yi's Daoist philosophy,in terms of historical era,conformed to the Han Dynasty's needs to consolidate feudalistic order,promoted the developments and synthesis of philosophical thought,and offered idealistic guidance for later governments,especially in light of the establishment of Daoist philosophy's “San Biao,” “Wu Er” in the rule of virtue policy and governing means,and value judgements of “systems of goodness.” All of the above had important meaning to the early rule of the Han Dynasty.In terms of philosophical trends,his philosophy was a synthesis of the philosophies of Daoism,Confucianism and Legalism.Linking the relationship between yin and yang,heaven and man,and finally implementing it in the ethical thoughts of Confucianism,for the development of Confucianism in later generations,and the guidance of social human relations provides an important theoretical basis of Chinese traditional ethical philosophy.