Traffic,Towns And Place Names Of Yunnan-Guizhou Avenue In The Middle Qing Dynasty

Among numerous Yunnan officials,the one who stayed longest time and wrote abundant works in Yunnan must be Wang Dingzhu lived in Jiaqing years.Wang Dingzhu first entered Yunnan in 1801 and left in 1821.During his 20 years in Yunnan,Wang’s distinguished talents had been recognized deeply and promoted many times by the governor,and his official trace spreaded over Yunnan.He had been Shizong Country Magistrate,Lijiang Country Magistrate,Talang Tongpan,Siyu Tongzhi,Hei Yanjing Tiju,Zhenyuan Zhizhou,Puerfu Zhizhou,Yongchang Prefect,Kaihua Prefect etc.His work had been evaluated as’Outstanding’twice.While Wang was given audience by the king in Peking,he wrote 5 travel works including the first one when entered Yunnan:Hongni Daily Record,Hongni Continued Record,Hongni 3rd Record,Hongni 4th Record,Hongni 5th Record etc.The route of five works were basically the same,but the contents were not overlapped,forming a situational and concrete travel map which was complementary on time and consistency on journey.On the means of transportation,the Mayang boat managed by the people of Mayang County,Hunan Province,formed a very large-scale shipping industry on the Yuanjiang-Wushui waterway.The skilled boat-driving technology of the boatmen had fully adapted to the”Tanhe"of the Guizhou waterway,and had become the most important means of transportation for the officials to enter Guizhou through the waterway at that time.The topographic characteristics of arduous road Yunnan-Guizhou post road determine that most sections of the road transport depends on human resources or horses from Guizhou.The complete settings of the pond and the retrograde brigade have well maintained the smooth passage of the post road.In cities and towns,the layout of cities and towns along the way is strictly affected by the topography and landform.There is a close relationship between cities and roads.The series of cities and cities outlines the direction of the lines.The advantages of traffic location have a profound impact on the development of cities and towns.Zhenyuan,Guizhou,Anshun,Qujing,Kunming and other important traffic locations have formed important traffic nodes on Yunnan-Guizhou Avenue.In addition,convenient traffic conditions do not necessarily bring advantages to the development of cities and towns,but sometimes they will be tired,such as Yuping in Guizhou,Pingyi in Yunnan,and so on.Generally speaking,Wang Dingzhu’s Hongni series of writings became the most complete and systematic description of Yunnan-Guizhou Avenue in the Qing Dynasty.This paper systematically introduces the traffic routes and means of transportation along Yunnan-Guizhou Avenue,as well as the landforms,towns and place names along it,which effectively reflects the traffic characteristics of Yunnan-Guizhou Avenue at that time.These works greatly enriched the comprehensive recognition of the artery out of Yunnan Province-Dian Qian Avenue,which could not be underestimated.