Research On The Development Of Goguryer Political System

Studying the development and evolution of ancient society in East Asia is an important link in the process of exploring "Asian civilization".However,compared with the study of the evolution of the ancient state regime in the Central Plains,the study of the ancient regime in the periphery is far less profound.Therefore,this paper explores the evolution of Koguryo's political history as a complement to this field.Koguryo has enjoyed the country for more than 700 years,and its social and political form is not as mature as that of the Han and Tang dynasties.It has a relatively complete system from the beginning,but evolved through long-term development.However,the development of the political system of ancient countries has no general law to follow.Each political system has its own development process according to its natural and political environment.The Koguryo regime has its own unique development process from the establishment of ancient state to the formation of centralized power system,then to the collapse of centralized power and the formation of aristocratic system.As an important ancient regime in East Asia,revealing the evolution of Koguryo's political system is of great significance for further understanding the development of the ancient political system in East Asia.At the same time,it is of great significance to understand the particularity of Koguryo's political culture,the dissemination of Central Plains'political culture and even the ancient history of East Asia.Therefore,this paper takes the political system of Koguryo as the research object,combs and summarizes the characteristics of the political system of Koguryo in different periods,and analyses the evolution process of the political system of Koguryo,so as to obtain the change trend and evolution characteristics of the political system of Koguryo.Through the evolution of the ancient state structure and the central and local governing systems in Koguryo,this study examines the development of the political system in the 700 years from the founding of Koguryo to the overthrow of the regime.The early Koguryo was an ancient country of tribal alliance centered on the Tulu and Hunjiang valleys in the middle reaches of Yalu River.After the formation of the ancient political system,it formed its unique political system in Koguryo,namely the so-called "five-part system".From the end of the twentieth century to the end of the twentieth century,Koguryo gradually became an ancient state of centralization.From the beginning of the formation of the state to the establishment of centralization,the monarchy was constantly strengthened,and the role played by the central government was constantly strengthened.Accordingly,the five-part system of Koguryo gradually collapsed and was replaced by the centralized system.By constantly strengthening the monarchy and consolidating the centralized power,the country gradually improved and became strong,reaching its peak in the period of King Haotai,King Longevity and King Wenzi from the 5th to 6th centuries.But in the later period of Anyuan King(531-545),because of the royal family struggle,the royal power declined,aristocrats took advantage of the situation to assume power,and the king took control of the state power,forming a so-called "aristocratic alliance" political system.The decentralization of state power weakens the cohesion of the state,so in the face of the invasion of powerful foreign enemies,it is impossible to effectively organize and resist,and the collapse of the ruling group leads to the collapse of the state.This paper mainly consists of three parts:introduction,body and conclusion.The introduction part elaborates the significance of the topic,the research trends of the related issues in the academic circles,and the research methods.The main body consists of three parts,namely Chapter II to Chapter IV.Chapters 2 to 4 mainly discuss the evolution process of Koguryo's political system.This paper divides the history of Koguryo into three stages:the "ministry(that part)" alliance system in the early stage(B.C.1-A.D.3 century);the centralization system in the middle stage(4-5 century)and the aristocracy system in the later stage(6-7 century).The emphases of these three historical stages are different.During the period of the "ministry" alliance,Koguryo maintained a relatively loose system of tribal(small country)alliances,commonly known as the "five ministries alliance" in academic circles.The kingship of Koguryo(the kingship of Guilou)was formed on the basis of the class society formed in its region.At that time,the Koguryo tribal alliance had a whole rudiment,and the rudiments of the early official rank organizations such as Lu,Peizhi,Guzoujia.master book,Youtai,messenger,soap clothes and immortals were also established.At the same time,around the 2nd century,the inheritance mode of the throne changed from brothers and brothers to fathers and sons,while the concept of marriage still retained its uniqueness and remained the legacy of stepmarriage.The "princess clan" that existed in the period from the King of Sichuan to the King of Xichuan and the decline of the leaders of the tribal alliances can be described as a transitional period from the tribal alliance to the centralized state.The third chapter mainly discusses that in the middle period of Koguryo,the regime of Koguryo strengthened its monarchy and established a centralized system of power.The most important manifestation can be said to be that the former "Nabu"was changed to "azimuth part",that is,the nature of "Bu" changed.In the early historical materials,"Na" appeared as the name of the Department.In the 1 st to 2nd centuries,the Taizu Emperor and the former Kingdom of Sichuan began to change to the name of "azimuth".That is to say,the ruling groups of the former coalition forces gradually gathered in the central government(the Royal capital)and became the central aristocracy.With the gradual formation of the central government,the central and local official systems have also changed,and the monarchy has been strengthened.In particular,the monarchy was further strengthened by the reform measures during the period of the King of Small Beast Forest(371-384)in the 4th century.In terms of ruling ideas,we began to draw lessons from foreign ideas,such as Buddhism,Confucianism and so on.In particular,in the 4th and 5th centuries,the ancestors of the royal family of Guilou were deified,and the superiority and legitimacy of the royal power were advertised through various political rituals such as sacrificing heaven.The rulers use these ideas to further regulate social and political order and legitimize their power.With the centralization of state power,Koguryo was strong in the 4th to 5th centuries,expanding its territory to the surrounding areas.As for the central and southern peninsula,it reached its peak of historical development.Chapter four explores the evolution of the regime in the later period of the Koguryo regime.In the period of Anyuan King in the 6th century,the issue of succession to the throne triggered a long-term struggle among aristocratic forces.So that the two kings were murdered,many nobles were destroyed,and even fled.But for a long time no aristocratic forces had emerged,so after compromise,a kind of aristocratic United regime,the so-called "aristocratic united" regime,was finally formed.At that time,the monarchy had declined,and the political power was controlled by the powerful ministers,such as Da Duan Lu,and finally the regime was overthrown.During the historical period of national division and invasion by foreign enemies,the great power of the state played a decisive role in Lu and Mo Lizhi.Especially in the later period,Yuangai Suwen and his scholars had an important influence on the political situation of Koguryo,and finally led Koguryo to the subjugation of the country.This chapter also summarizes the fundamental reasons for the overthrow of Koguryo's political system,that is,the national chaos and disintegration caused by the lack of centralization.The concluding part summarizes the development process of Koguryo's political system,and probes into the development characteristics and evolution of Koguryo's political system.In a word,this paper combs the development process of Koguryofs political system,constructs the change process of Koguryo's political system in chronological order,and probes into the characteristics and evolution of Koguryofs political system in different periods.