Research On (?) Ideology Of Cynicism

The Thesis describes the "Cynicism" as a form of ideology in-and-for itself which is hard to be deconstruct in the late ’real Socialism’ and the ’consumerist’,post Protestant,late-capitalist society.Apart from Kynicism derived from Peter Sloterdijk Cynicism refers to some indescribable force that makes the subject look spilt and paradoxical.By using Lacan-Psychoanalysis Method,Slavoj Zizek provides us new vision of dealing with the phenomenon and suggests an unique revolutionary way-the Act from the Real,Which could help the cynical subject go through the fantasy.To some extent,the Theory may arouse the public’s consciousness and reflection.The thesis is divided into five chapters:The first chapter is the introduction,which mainly explains the meaning of the topic and the research summary domestically and abroad.The second chapter examines the historical origin of cynicism and analyzes why cynicism is a kind of ideology in Zizek’s discourse.Apart from that,I also introduce one of the important sources of his theory of cynicism-Strotek’s "Criticism of Cynical Critique";The third chapter undertakes the above emphatically explaining Zizek’s concept of "ideology" that the reference derives from Hegel’s dialectical logic,and reveals the mechanism of cynicism’s ideological operation from the perspective of Lacan’s psychoanalysis.Lastly,Chapter three discusses Zizek’s unique view of history,which emanated from the phenomenon of morphology that leads to its practical appeal of theoretical criticism.In Chapter four,as a summary,Zizek’s ideology theory of cynicism need to be reviewed and evaluated.As the first person of the cynicism school,Antisthenes advocated the nobleness of "no desire" in his cynicism.Diogenes fully developed the philosophy of cynicism.He used a ’natural’ way to ridicule the stupidity of the city-states’ morality,which greatly affected the Stoic school.However,the late cynicism became synonymous with rudeness and vulgarity,gradually losing its influence.In the nineteenth century,cynicism became a synonym for unprincipled suspicion,cynicism,and disparity among the western society.Zizek precisely criticized this inner psychological logic of cynicism.Zizek used Marx’s’commodity fetishism’to talk about his understanding of cynicism and identify ’cynicism as an ideology’.His discourse integrates the theories of Marx,Lacan,and Hegel.It is worth noting that Zizek’s understanding of cynicism derives largely from Strotek’s Critique of Cynical Reason,which is an important theoretical resource for Zizek’s cynicism ideology theory.In this way,the classic image of ’They know,but they still do it’ comes from this.This article examines Strotek’s two distinctions of cynicism in Critique of Cynical Reason and the research layout and critical orientation of the book in order to explore the unique theoretical connotation of Zizek’s cynicism ideological critical theory.Zizek applied the logic of Hegel’s development of "absolute spirit" to his ideological theory,defining the three forms of ideology of in-itself,for-itself and for-and-in itself.Cynicism is a ’symptom’ in the phase of ’in-and-for itself’.Zizek believes that ’Marx invented the symptoms’and ’Lacan fully take over Marx’.Zizek believes that’reality’ is a kind of fantasy-construction and uses Lacan’s fantasy-formula to reveal the operating mechanism of cynicism.He focuses on the criticality of psychoanalysis to propose a ’real’ act to break through this ’false consciousness’.Zizek elicited his theory of practice-oriented,’real’ act by expounding an irreplaceable historical view.Zizek redefined Hegel’s dialectics and he pointed out that ’negation of negation’ is a thorough negation,not a fusion state that eliminates differences.In dialectics,the first negation only negated the old content within the framework,and the second negation was the negation of the framework itself.After this radical negation of externalization,it manifested itself as a kind of ’subtraction’ politics,namely,Bartleby’s politics,which Agamben referred to as ’new Messiah’.Zizek’s cynic-ideological critical theory has its own unique features.It turns traditional ideology’s discussion of ’true and false’ into the psychological aspects of subject desire and pleasure and reveals a psychological form of late capitalist logic.The mode of operation,and the replacement of nihilism in post-modern politics with a kind of ’act’ with practical significance.These are worthy of recognition.However,Zizek’s theory is critical,it is still a metaphysical one.Although his ideological resources are largely derived from Marx,he did not really understand the true meaning of historical materialism.In view of this,we should carefully study and think about his theory.