The Construction Of MPT Model Base On Free-recall-then-recognition Paradigm And Its Application In The Study Of Directed Forgetting

There is still a lot of controversy about what kind of psychological mechanism is responsible for directed forgetting.Previous studies have not been able to effectively solve problems related to potential cognitive processes,nor to quantify the cognitive processes of memory.The existing series of cognitive processing models related to memory mostly use word pairs and item clusters as experimental materials,and the test methods can not fully reflect the whole aspects of memory retrieval and forgetting.Therefore,based on the shortcomings of previous studies,this study first wanted to construct a multinomial processing tree model of memory process used a single vocabulary as experimental material and comprehensively examining memory retrieval in the test phase.After the model was validated,this study manipulated the relevant variables of the theories to explore the internal psychological mechanism of directed forgetting.The storage-retrieval model was used as a template to construct a multinomial processing tree model based on the free-recall-then-recognition paradigm,and the model was continuously improved.Experiment 1 conducted a 2?coding depth:1000 ms vs.5000 ms?×2?learning-test interval:0 min vs.6 min?mixed design and 32 college students participated in this experiment.The results showed that the model could well reflect the changes in the storage and retrieval of information during the memory process.Moreover,model assumptions were also supported and the model could be applicable to subsequent studies.In order to investigate whether the multinomial processing tree model could repeat the classic directed forgetting phenomenon,Experiment 2a conducted a repeated measurement design?instruction type:forgetting vs.remember?,which proved that the multinomial processing tree model constructed in this study could be used to research the internal psychological mechanism of item-method directed forgetting.There were 16 college students participated in this experiment.Experiment 2b implemented a 2?group:forgetting group vs.remember group?×2?list:L₁ vs.L₂?mixed design,which proved that the multinomial processing tree model constructed in this study could be used to research the internal psychological mechanism of list-method directed forgetting.There were 31 college students participated in this experiment.Experiment 3a conducted a 2?group:forgetting group vs.remember group?×2?item type:TBF/R vs.TBR/R?×2?SOA:1600 ms vs.2600 ms?mixed design to examine the internal psychological mechanism of directed forgetting under item-method paradigm and 38college students participated in this experiment.The results showed that the cost of item method directed forgetting relied on the combined effect of attentional inhibition and retrieval inhibition,and the benefit depended on the combined effect of selective rehearsal and attention inhibition.Similarly,Experiment 3b implemented a 2?group:forgetting group vs.remember group?×3?list:L₁ vs.L₂ vs.L₃?mixed design to examine the internal psychological mechanism of list-method directed forgetting and 35 college students participated in this experiment.The results showed that the cost of list method directed forgetting relied on the combined effect of selective rehearsal and retrieval inhibition,and the benefit depended on the combined effect of retrieval inhibition and change in encoding strategy based on selective rehearsal.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:?1?The multinomial processing tree model based on the free-recall-then-recognition paradigm can well reflect the changes of key parameters by experimental manipulation.Therefore,it can be applicable to the research of directed forgetting internal psychological mechanism.?2?The internal psychological mechanism of the item-method directed forgetting is the result of the combined effect of selective rehearsal,attentional inhibition and retrieval inhibition;?3?The internal psychological mechanism of the list-method directed forgetting is the result of the combined effect of selective rehearsal,retrieval inhibition and change in encoding strategy based on selective rehearsal.