The Effects Of Emotional Material On Both List-method Directed Forgetting And Item-method Directed Forgetting

Directed forgetting is about the memory damage caused by the forgetting instructions,which stresses the initiative and directivity of forgetting. Forgetting irrelevant or unnecessary or painful memories can not only improve the effectiveness of the memory system,but also benefit physical and mental health. Based on how to represent an instruction, item-method and list-method are included. The theory of directed forgetting phenomenon consist dual processes theory,set differentiation-selective search, selective encoding theory and inhibitory control theory. Directed forgetting is affected by many factors,such as the experimental materials,test methods,instructions,the order of the memories,level of processing and so on.In terms of experimental materials,the demotic researchers often use the Chinese characters with different frequencies as materials,and inspecting emotional material is a new research hotspot in recent years,so the researches that use emotional materials as the experimental materials is not much,the results are not consistent,which makes it too difficult to explain the directed forgetting mechanism.In terms of test methods, the researches that using explicit memory test or implicit memory test alone are more than the researches using both explicit and implicit memory test.In terms of the experimental paradigm,the researches using both item-method and list-method is not much,too.Coupled with emotional memories can be or not be directed forgetting is still uncertain. So,in this study,both item-method and list-method,Chinese characters with different titer (positive, neutral, negative) as experimental materials,both explicit and implicit memory test as test methods,were used to explore the directed forgetting,we talked about the effects of emotional material on directed forgetting and tried to explain the directed forgetting mechanism.The results showed:First,by use of item-method,there were significant directed forgetting effects observed in both neutral words and emotional words.In recognition,emotional materials interfere with the directed forgetting effect.Second,by use of list-method,there were significant directed forgetting effects observed in both neutral words and emotional words.Third,in the explicit memory test,both item-method directed forgetting effect and list-method directed forgetting effect were found,but only item-method directed forgetting effect was found in implicit memory test.Forth,the mechanism of directed forgetting should be rehearsal and retrieval by way of list-method,and the mechanism of list-method directed forgetting should be retrieval.