Study On Ethical Analysis And Governance Of Gene Editing Risk

In the 1970 s,with the rise of genetic technology,human beings not only deepened their understanding of life,but also realized the biological operation at the molecular level,thus directly interfering with the life process.Gene editing techniques not only realize the revolutionary breakthrough in the road of human-life exploring,but also cause a huge shock to the traditional social ethics and bring all kinds of potential risks to society.In the development process of gene editing techniques,it only to establish and promote appropriate ethical norm,build up risk management responsibility system in advance,to guide rational technology achieve healthy and sustainable development.Today,gene editing technology has experienced zinc finger nuclease,class transcription activation effect factor and CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease technology three generations of development,and had broad application prospects.in gene function research,animal and plant improvement,disease model established,gene therapy and genetic enhancements and other fields.Because gene editing technology has the characteristics of universality and marketability,the risks associated with it also transcend the boundaries of time and space,and lurks in all aspects of society,even into the future generations.Based on the development status of gene editing,the types and causes of the risk of gene editing are analyzed from two dimensions,horizontal and vertical.Horizontally,from the risk of gene editing,the risks include technical risk,social risk and ethical risk.On the vertical,from the application of gene editing in the human body,according to the characteristics of heredity,the risk includes the risk of somatic gene editing and the risk of gene editing of germ line cells;According to the purpose of the application,the risk of gene therapy and the risk of gene enhancement are also included.For the type of gene editing risk,this essay want to analyze the causes of the risk of gene editing: namely,knowledge and cognitive limitations,causal influence of the technical system,subject value choice and the influence of traditional social ethics.Based on the responsibility ethic and ethical risk theory,this essay will use the theory of situation ethics.From the vertical dimension,it analyzes the ethical responsibility of draw the conclusion,the human gene editing behavior main body of different situation.Based on the responsibility of parents to offspring,it allows the medical purpose of germline gene editing;Based on the risk of irreversibility and the autonomy and future openness of future generations,the reproductive system of non-medical purposes should be banned or enhanced.Finally,in view of gene editing the risks and causes,this essay puts forward the five governance principles of gene editing risk,including the responsibility principle,do not harm principle,benefit principle,respect for the principle and fair principle.Under the guidance of governance principles,it builds up the government,scientists,social organizations and public risk work responsibility system,from the moral level,legal level and social level three paths,to promote the realization of the responsibility of the governance risk gene editing system,thus this essay reasonable to guide the healthy sustainable development of gene editing techniques.