| Altruistic punishment is the attempt to penalize deviant behavior of another person even though it is accompanied by personal costs.According to whether the punishment practitioner’s own interests are damaged,the altruistic punishment behavior is divided into the second party altruistic punishment behavior implemented by the profit-damaged person,and the altruistic punishment behavior of the third party whose interests are not directly damaged,and the researcher believes that the causes of the two kinds of altruistic punishments are likely to be different.The Belief in a just world(BJW)means that individuals have a fundamental need to perceive that the world in which they live is fair and just,that is,to believe people will have what they have done(Lerner,1965).With the in-depth study of belief in a just world,it is found that the belief in a just world can be divided into beliefs about justice for the self(BJW-self)and beliefs about justice for others(BJW-others).The former refers to individual believe that the world is fair to himself and the latter refers to the individual believe that the world is fair to others.According to the time dimension,it is divided into beliefs about justice for now(BJW-now)and beliefs about justice for future(BJW-future).The former refers to individual perceiving fairness from the event itself,and the latter refers to individual considering events that have not occurred in the future for a long time and believe that all injustice will be compensated in the future.The previous study demonstrate that emotions and behaviors are not only differentially linked to beliefs about justice for the self(BJW-self)versus beliefs about justice for others(BJW-others),but also differentially linked to beliefs about justice for now(BJW-now)versus beliefs about justice for future(BJW-future).These are likely to be important factors in explaining the decision-making of altruistic behavior in different situations in individuals.In addition to the individual’s just world beliefs,the study found that emotions are also an important factor affecting individual altruistic behavior.The existing researches on the impact of fair world beliefs on individual cognition and behavior mostly start from a single dimension,but individuals are likely to hold multiple fair world beliefs at the same time.Therefore,it is necessary to explore the influence of individual just world beliefs on individual behavior from the perspective of relative differences in the beliefs of the just world.In this study,based on the scores of individual self-others’ just world beliefs,individuals with BJW-self scores higher than BJW-other scores are classified as BJW-self group(hereinafter referred to as self-group).Individuals with BJW-other scores higher than BJW-self scores are classified as BJW-other group(hereinafter referred to as other-group).Similarly,based on the scores of individual now-future just world beliefs,the individual with a BJW-now score higher than BJW-future score is classified into the BJW-now group(hereinafter referred to as the current-group),and the individual with a BJW-future score higher than BJW-now score is classified as the BJW-future group(hereinafter referred to as the future-group).To explore the influence of the relative differences in the beliefs of the just world on individual altruistic behavior.Secondly,the impact of emotions on altruistic punishment behavior in existing studies is still controversial.Some studies have shown that the altruistic tendency of the subjects under negative emotional state is lower than that of positive emotions.Considering the controversy surrounding the existing research results,the researchers believe that this may be caused by the different effects of individual emotions on cognition and behavior in different scenarios.The present study conducted three studies to explore the effect of the relative differences in the beliefs of the just world and emotion on altruistic punishment behavior.The first study used a questionnaire to measure an individual’s belief in a just world,and an ultimatum game and a third-party game paradigm to measure participant’s altruistic behavior.To explore the influence of relative differences in the beliefs of the individual justice world on the altruistic behavioral decision-making preferences.The second study has awakened the general emotions of the participants and explored the impact of the relative differences in individual just world beliefs on altruistic behavior in a positive and negative emotional state by awakening the general emotions of the subjects.The third awakened the fair and unfair experience of the participants and explored the influence of the just world belief on the altruistic behavior under the awakening conditions of fairness-related experience.This study draws the following conclusions:(1)The relative differences in the beliefs of the just world have a significant impact on the individual’s altruistic behavior.Individuals in the other-group will implement higher second-party and third-party altruistic behaviors.The difference between the current-group and the future-group in the second-party altruistic behavior is not significant,and Individuals in the future-group will implement higher third-party altruistic behaviors.(2)Belief in a just world and general emotional states have a significant impact on the individual’s altruistic behavior.Under the condition of negative emotion awakening,individuals in the other-group will implement higher second party and third-party punishment behavior.Under the condition of positive emotion awakening,individuals in the self-group have higher third-party altruistic punishment behavior.Individuals in the future-group will implement higher second-party and third-party altruistic behaviors.The second party altruistic punishment behavior is higher under the negative emotional state.(3)Belief in a just world and fairness-related experiences have a significant impact on the individual’s altruistic behavior.Individuals in the future group will implement higher second-party altruistic punishment behaviors,and individuals will implement higher second-party and third-party altruistic punishments under unfair experience. |
