| China has always been a great agricultural country.Since the end of the Qing Dynasty,the issue of food import were hightlighted.As a kind of food import,imported flour affected the national economy and social life,especially reflected badly on flour industry.The process of imported flour could be divided into two stages:1903-1921 and 1922-1936.The scale of imports in the latter stage was larger than the previous stage.As the same time,the modern national flour industry went through a process of being founded and developed.In modern China,Shanghai was the largest productive place of modern national flour industry in South China,Tianjin was the largest sale market of flour throughout the country.After 1922,because of inported flour,the flourmills were hammered in Shanghai and Tianjin.Some flourmills came near to bankruptcy.Some floumills had survived,such as Fuxin,Fufeng,Shunfeng and Fuxing.The reasons of flour imporation had not only sameness but also differentia.The same reasons were as follows:the need for flour increased because of an increase in population and the changes in eating habits;the unreasonable tariff of food import;imperialism dumping at low price;the unstable production of domestic flour.As to Tianjin,it was mainly because a shortage of flour.Imported flour accounted for a certain proportion in the Tianjin market.However,the proportion was small in Shanghai.In order to defeat the imported flour,the leaders of national floumills took many measures.The measures were as follows:improved the quality of product;found the organization that supply the wheat;bought advanced mechanical equipment;inproved the way of sales.But these measures had little effect.The root cause as following:a lack of domestic market,inconvenient circulation of grain and unreasonable policy of tax led to an insufficiency of wheat supply.After 1928,the tax of flour in particularly hindered the development of the modern national flour industry. |
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