Disorder And Reshape:The Social Unrest And Rural Government In Qing Shui River Basin In The Xian-tong Dynasty

Due to the unique geographical location and the rich economic benefits in Qing shui river,the ruler of the Ming and Qing dynasties,has paid a great attention to it,In the later development and governance,the central dynasty,it has a tremendous changes in political,economic,military,cultural and other aspects,in order to nationalize the Qing shui river basin.On the basis of the establishment of the soil division and the military wasteland in the Ming dynasty,the Qing dynasty has stepped up the pace of opening up “New Borders”,through the bureaucratization of native officers and the construction of “Six halls of New Borders”,wanted to embed the power system into the Qing shui river basin.In the press of the dynastic government,because of the failure to take into account the rationality and validity of the traditional governance mechanism and to impose its own ruling institutions in the Qing shui river basin.The series of inappropriate measures gradually spread at the basic-level village,caused much chaos and made the people in the Qing shui river valley have to hold the uprising self-preservation.Before the Xian Feng and Tong Zhi Dynasties,there have been two large-scale Miao people uprising in Qing shui river basin,Although they failed,the Qing government did not really realize how to properly manage the basic-level village.On the contrary,they have been strengthening the administrative,military and other aspects aims to prevent the Miao people in Qing shui river basin from being rebellious.In the late Qing dynasty,due to the local officials more unbridled,the offer in the country village had oppressed people in grass-roots society and has damaged people’s vital interests and life order seriously.Finally,people wanted to live freely,has started a biggest revolt since the beginning of history,it is called “The Xian-TongDynasty”.The incompetence of the central government at the basic-level village has been exposed.the local soldiers were not able to fight the rebels and the people in the villages have to protect their hometowns.Under the tide of “ Unrest In The Xian-Tong Dynasty”,the Qing government has no time to care of Qing shui river basin management,Qing had to rely on the gentry who has the fame and prestige in the country,so the gentry’s position is very important and become a bridge between government and local government in the basic-level village,.When there’s a conflict between the government and the place,the gentry will mediate and benefit to both sides.The local troops formed by the gentry replaced Bao-Jia system as the new mechanism to govern the countryside.In the “ Unrest In The Xian-Tong Dynasty”,It is not only have the duty to resist unrest,but also have to bear the formulate analyzes legal rural governance and maintain the order of rural society at the basic-level village.The gentry and the local troops have playing an important role in the country and have a profound influence in the development in the Qing shui river basin.