| The research on alienation has been an age-old topic,and it is a very common research object in the field of western philosophy.As a representative figure of Western Marx,Herbert Marcuse had unique viewpoints on alienation.He inherited and developed Marx's theory of alienation,deeply researched the phenomenon of alienation.He criticized the complete alienation of capitalist society,and revealed a fact that the nature of man was distorted and suppressed under the rapid development of productivity,the enrichment of substance,and the rapid advancement of science and technology.Because of Marcuse's complex life experience,his alienation theory had experienced a long development before it became mature.He highly valued Marx's Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844,which was closely linked to his theory of alienation.Marcuse's early thoughts were greatly influenced by Marx's alienation theory and Heidegger's existentialism,so he tried to fuse the thoughts of the two.After the World War II,he realized that social problems could not be solved by relying only on reason.He combined Freud's psychoanalytic theory with Marx's alienation theory,and gradually formed his own theoretical system of alienation.He used Freudianism to revise and supplement Marxism and put forward the famous Theory of Erotic Liberation,which was fully embodied in his Eros and Civilization.In the study of alienation theory,he was very concerned about the alienation phenomenon of the real society and the manifestation of human alienation.Therefore,he proposed the theory of one dimensional man,and he wrote One Dimensional Man to explain this theory in detail.In his later years,he turned his attention to aesthetics and hoped to find a way to solve alienation through aesthetics.Marcuse's alienation theory mainly discusses from three aspects: the origin,external manifestations and solutions of alienation.Through the research on alienation of science and technology,alienation of thoughts,alienation of nature,alienation of essence of human,he deeply realized the seriousness of comprehensive alienation in capitalist society.He believed that politics,economy,culture,ecology and other aspects must develop together in order to solve alienation rather than develop one single side.His alienation theory criticized the capitalist society and advocated comprehensive reforms of it,which owned a strong revolutionary tone.All countries in the world are developing rapidly.Alienation is particularly a common phenomena,especially in capitalist countries.As a socialist country,China isdetermined by the nature of the country to have great advantages in overcoming alienation.However,the problem of alienation is still a long-term issue.Philosophers in different periods all hope to find ways to overcome alienation by researching alienation.Marcuse's alienation theory has enlightening significance for our country to build a harmonious society and realize the Chinese dream. |
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