The Humanity Connotation In Marx’s Conception Of "Capital"

Capital is the core of Marx’s political economy,but the nature of capital has always been controversial.Some scholars believe that the concept of capital is an economic concept,and other scholars believe that the concept of capital is not only an economic concept,but also a philosophical concept.This article holds that Marx’s analysis of the concept of capital is a research in economic significance,but it is not the purpose of Marx to do economic research on capital.The purpose of his study of capital is to understand human economic life in form,and to reveal the "relationship between man and man" under the cover of "the relationship between things and things".Economic analysis is the foundation and philosophical analysis is the essence.Therefore,the study of the concept of Marx’s capital must be studied in the logic and trend of the progress of social history and the significance of human perfection and self transcendence.It is necessary to stand on the shape of Marx thought,social historical form and human nature,and grasp the essence of the concept of Marx’s capital in the unity of the three.Under such a premise,this article holds that Marx’s concept of capital is essentially a revelation of the reality of human existence.Marx pointed out that capital is not a matter,but a social relationship displayed in the capitalist mode of production.This social relationship is a productive relationship between people and people in the process of capitalist production.The analysis of the concept of capital is essentially an analysis of the relationship between man and man,and the foothold of the concept of Marx’s capital is the end of the concept of capital."Man" reveals the relationship between man and man,which is covered by the relationship between property and matter through the analysis of capital.Based on this core idea,this article analyzes the essence of Marx’s capital concept from the following four aspects:The first chapter combs Marx’s Thoughts on the essence of capital concept from the "relationship of matter" to "man’s relationship".Classical political economics holds that "capital is a certain amount of accumulation and storage of labor",forming a "materialization" understanding of capital concept.But Marx found the relationship between man and man in the place where the classical political economists only saw the relationship between things and things,and saw the "capital is the dominating power to labor and its products",and found the labor relations behind the labor products.With the deepening of Marx’s research on political economics and the formation of historical materialism,Marx realized that capital is not only a dominating power for labor,but also a "social exchange relationship with material as a medium".At that time,Marx’s understanding of capital concept was confined to the abstract social exchange field instead of entering the specific social production field.As Marx’s research into the concept of capital penetrated into the field of production,it was realized that "capital is a kind of social production relationship",which has formed the essence of capital concept,concrete and historical grasp.The second chapter discusses Marx’s duality of human existence through the duality of commodities.Commodity is the starting point of the research on the concept of Marx’s capital.Through the study of commodities,Marx found the dual nature of the intrinsic value and value of the goods,and the duality of the commodity is rooted in the duality of the labor of the production of commodities.Labor is the essential activity of human beings,which produces and develops the essence of human beings.The duality of labor inevitably leads to the duality of human existence.Human beings are both a natural existence and a social existence.The third chapter expounds Marx’s historical connotation of the form of human existence through money,especially the historical connotation of "the independence of human being based on the dependence of things".Money is developed from commodities.With the general development of exchange,money is independent from commodities as a general equivalent,and is fixed to the intermediary of people’s exchange.With the continuous development of commodity circulation,money has promoted the transition from natural economy to commodity economy,and mankind has entered the commodity economy society.In this process,a general and comprehensive social exchange relationship has been formed between people and people,relying on the exchange of people to break the attachment to the person and obtain relative personal independence.But this independence is based on money,everything is converted to money,the relationship between people and people is covered by money.In the whole social exchange,only the relationship between things and things is left,and people are completely covered up.The fourth chapter discusses Marx’s contradictory movement of capital,revealing the reality of human existence and the law of human history.Through the metaphysical study of capital concept,Marx holds that capital is not material but a certain,social and productive relationship belonging to a certain historical social form.This kind of social production relationship is dissimilated and reversed.In this kind of production relationship,labor has become alienated labor,no longer a confirmation of the essence of human beings,the essence of human being alienated,people no longer human,people become tools,no longer have the essence of human,people are ruled by things,the relationship between people and people is different.Turning into the relationship between things and things,Marx should reveal the relationship between man and man through the study of the relationship between property and matter.Therefore,the foothold of the concept of Marx’s capital is "man",which is a revelation to the situation of human existence.In essence,it is a study of "man",in order to realize the liberation of human beings,liberate people from the dependence of things,realize the full possession of the nature of the human,and realize the all-round and free development of human beings.