On The Marian Exiles In The Mid-16^th Century In England

In 1553,after Mary I became the Queen of England,she abolished the relevant bills of Henry VIII and Edward VI,interrupted the process of Tudor Reformation and restored England Catholic beliefs.At the same time,she also resorted to extreme measures to persecute Protestants.Many famous Protestant reformers,such as the Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer,the Bishop of Worcester Hugh Latimer,and the Bishop of London Nicholas Ridley,were sentenced to fire.Against this background,a group of Protestants,the Marian Exiles,was forced to flee to the European continent.Using English materials,this article attempts to tease out the main activities of these Protestants in continental Europe,and explore their influence on the Elizabethan Settlement and the England puritan movement.The thesis includes the preface,the main text and the conclusion.Among them,there are three chapters in the body part.The first chapter combs the background and composition of the Marian Exiles.The immediate cause of these exiles in continental Europe was the religious persecution of Mary I,the Catholic Queen.She restored Catholic beliefs through the abolition of the Reformation Act,shocked the majority of Protestant populace through the burning of the Protestant,and achieved obedience to the Holy See by accepting the Pope's representatives.The Marian Exiles are diverse,with young and middle-aged men predominating.Many come from counties in the south-east of England.Among them,there are mostly clergymen,as well as people from various occupations and classes,such as nobility and merchant bankers.Through liaison with European Protestants and their choice of settlements and exile paths,they made appropriate preparations for exile.The second chapter selects the groups of Marian Exiles from Emden,Frankfurt and Geneva as the research object,emphasizing the main activities of the Protestant in continental Europe,They were there to receive more radical protestant ideas than the Anglicanism,especially in the religious etiquette and church management system.They were deeply influenced by Calvinism.They hoped to reform Anglicanism after returning to the country.The third chapter analyzes the impact of the Marian Exiles on the Elizabethan Settlement and the England puritan movement after returning home.With their support and assistance,Queen Elizabeth reissued the Supreme Law,revised the Uniform Act and published the Thirty-Nine Letters,which aim to establish a broad-based church to maintain peace in the country and English national interest.However,with the improvement of the domestic situation and the deterioration of the international environment,some people demanded the purification of the country's church and the removal of the Catholic relics in the state's religious etiquette.This led to the struggle between the Puritanism and the Anglicanism.By the 1570s-1580s,some puritans had targeted the reform of the church management system and pushed the puritan movement to a climax.At the same time,the puritan theologian John Knox established a Presbyterian church in Scotland,which had a positive impact on the puritan movement in England.The conclusion sublimates the themes of the thesis by explaining three issues.Firstly,the common features of the Marian exiles and their association with the protestant transition during exile in continental Europe and Elizabethan Settlement.Secondly,the limitations of the Protestant exiles in the puritan movement and its causes.Thirdly,what role does the Marian exiles play in the process of English Reformation?...