Junk Trade Between China And Southeast Asia In The Period Of Canton System In Qing Dynasty,1757-1840

Based on the research of maritime trade and the research of Sino-foreign relations,this paper mainly adopts the method of historical documents analysis.Taking the junk trade between China and Southeast Asia in the period of Canton System in Qing dynasty as an object,this article analyzes the social,political and economic situation in Qing Dynasty and Southeast Asia during the course of trade,the management policies of Qing Government on junk trade and the operation of junk trade and combeds the trade policies and the development of trade in various regions of South East Asia during this period.We hope to clarify the characteristics of junk trade during this period,the factors influencing the development of trade,and the effect of trade.The study shows that opportunities and challenges coexist in the course of junk trade between China and Southeast Asia in the period of Canton System.The growth of trade is concentrated in the countries in which national power is ascending such as Vietnam,Siam,and Singapore.The downturn of trade in Batavia and Manila is accompanied by the decline Dutch and Spanish domination in Southeast Asia.And legal trade and smuggling trade coexist in the junk trade.Among the many factors,policy changes are the main external conditions that affect junk trade.The development of junk trade during this period was triggered by the favorable policy provided by the trade target areas.The decline of trade was also more caused by the policies.Changes in commodity demand and market share are the fundamental causes of changing trade trends.The premise of sustained trade is that China and Southeast Asia can meet each other's market demand.During this period,the market share of China and Southeast Asia was re-divided.In the competition,Chinese junk traders gradually lag behind country traders.The junk trade has promoted the economic development of China and Southeast Asia.The advanced technology of China has spread widely in Southeast Asia.Some countries of Southeast Asia has drawn lessons from China's political and economic system.In addition,the junk trade is also conducive to regional political stability.However,referring to the relationship between the eastern and western countries,the junk trade,on the one hand,promoted the internationalization of goods produced by China and Southeast Asia,on the other hand,it caused the indigenous powers in the east to exclude western countries.