On Hobbes' Thought Of Natural Law

The western natural law idea can be divided into three different types: classical natural law,medieval natural law and modern natural law.The Greek and medieval laws of nature were the laws of nature or the authority of the gods,emphasizing the introduction of rational laws of nature to society,to seek out a universal value norm.The modern laws of nature emphasize natural rights,which highlight strong individualism.This important theory of steering does not imply a break in the concept of natural law,but rather the transformation of the natural law in its formation and the theoretical center of gravity of the theology.While this shift is directly related to Hobbes.Hobbes put natural law ideas on the basis of human sexuality,from the desire of self-preservation,to push the natural rights and laws of nature,to develop a personal tradition of natural law.It build on that human nature theory base on the human nature theory,and pushes on the natural law and the natural law to develop the individualistic tradition of the natural law.In view of Hobbes' theory of natural law,this paper deal with that theoretical precondition and main content of natural law in this paper to examine the inherent logical and theoretical characteristics of the development of natural law with a view to reveal the theoretical turns and the current value realized by Hobbes' theory of natural law.This paper is divided into three parts:The first part is based primarily on the historical development of Hobbes.Before Hobbes,the history of natural law has experienced three stages: ancient Greek natural law and natural law of the middle ages and early modern natural law.The main line throughout the three periods is "rational," but every period of time the focus on "rational" is different.In ancient Greece,natural law was first developed in Homer's epic,formed in the wise movement,perfected by Plato and Aristotle,and finally matured in the Stoic school.The natural law thought of this period mainly focuses on "natural rationality," emphasizing the natural law.In the middle ages,under the influence of Christian theology,the concept of "God" was involved in the thought of natural law,and "the rational of God" became the main rule of natural law in this period.In a certain degree,God's law was equal to the natural law.In the early moderntimes,in the efforts of Suarez and Grotius the natural law began to be freed from the shackle of theology,and showed signs of "human rational" regression,which was an important theoretical preparation for Hobbes' s natural law of law.The second part mainly inspects Hobbes' theory of natural law thoughts for the development of logic,to reveal its in what sense has realized the change of natural law thoughts.The thought of Hobbes' natural law is based on the theory of mechanical materialism and the theory of theory of human nature.The theory of cosmology advocated by the mechanical materialist view of nature is the origin of the theory of natural law in the past,the subverting of the teleological theory of the universe,and the humanity on the basis of "irrational",then the natural law tradition based on "rationality" is changed.On this basis,Hobbes presupposes the theoretical subject of the natural state and the original contract,and finally constructs his huge contract natural law,which lays the basic theoretical framework and theoretical form for the modern sense of natural law.The third part is mainly on the value of natural law thoughts of Hobbes.In theory,Hobbes' natural law has a significant influence on the later generations,and it emphasizes the "passion" in human nature,which provides an important theoretical basis for the construction of modern and contemporary political philosophy,such as the idea of original contract and the theory of natural rights.Hobbes' s natural law of thought has had a profound effect on the latter in the following ways of the western political thought,and after Hobbes,the idea of natural law is subject to criticism from each other,but the undeniable fact is that the political thinkers of the past have developed their ideology from some aspects of Hobbes' s natural law.But there is an undeniable fact that there is a very difficult limitation in Hobbes' s natural law.On the philosophical mechanical materialism,and emphasize the power at the expense of obligation in the power control function,power and obligation binary intangible.