A Study On The Officials' Posthumous Title Of Sui And Tang Dynasties

The regulations for posthumous title is one of the important contents of the etiquette system of ancient Chinese,gradually matured from Western Zhou Dynasty to the Sui and Tang Dynasties,the officials' posthumous title is an important content.During the Wei,Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties,the official posthumous conditions experienced a changing process from the rank of nobility to the officials grade,but this period is not clear to the officials grade,until the Sui Dynasty,the officials grade of getting the officials' posthumous title become clear that the "third class and above".In addition,some officials in Sui Dynasty achieved posthumous title because of the special contribution,but the number is few,only a supplement to the Sui Dynasty official' posthumous title.With the general provisions of the evaluation of Sui Dynasty officials posthumous' title,namely the dead officials' achievements and actions and posthumous code provisions.The officials posthumous' title can be divided into three types: Mei Shi,Ping Shi and E Shi,the Mei Shi majority,accounting for 98% of the words that the posthumous title,the official is to praise for the main purpose of the posthumous title.In addition to officials,posthumous title groups of Sui Dynasty included and the emperor,the queen,imperial clan,dukes and civil scholars.The posthumous titles of the emperor,the queen,imperial clan and ducks are vulnerable to political and policy influence.Civil scholars is the main object of the Sui Dynasty private posthumous title,and the cause may be the ancient concept of "honour the teacher and respect his teaching".But the ordinary people are unable to enjoy the posthumous title,even private posthumous title.The officials' posthumous title in Tang Dynasty is very mature,and full of elasticity,showing two characteristics: to institutionalize and "Gai Shi" universal phenomenon.To the grant of Tang Dynasty official' posthumous title,with a complete set of system can be divided into: "Qing Shi-Ni Shi-Yi Shi-Ding Shi-Ci Shi.In the operation process of official'posthumous title,because official' posthumous title errors,personal grudge between officials,the emperor and the powerful minister of personal preferences,The family of the dead officials opposition,to appease Tang Dynasty military governor and many other reasons,led to the frequent occurrence of the phenomenon of "Gai Shi".This phenomenon is inseparablefrom the relatively loose political atmosphere at that time.The Tang Dynasty officials' posthumous title plays an important role in maintaining the feudal rule.As an effective means of rewarding and punishing officials,officials' posthumous title can not only civilize people in the Tang Dynasty,maintaining the feudal hierarchy,but also has a positive effect on improving the work style of officials.Sui and Tang Dynasties officials' posthumous title is based on the Wei,Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties officials' posthumous title,and change,has its own characteristics of the times.The officials' posthumous title in this period gradually become more mature and complete.Particularly,The Tang Dynasty regulations for posthumous title had developed to the extreme.Sui and Tang Dynasties officials' posthumous title had a profound impact on future generations.