Associations Between Noise Kurtosis And Gene Polymorphism With Noise-induced Hearing Loss

Objective:Complex noise is more harmful to the hearing system than steady-state noise.This study intends to introduce noise kurtosis statistics to determine the type of noise,to study the relationship noise types,susceptibility genes,life and work behavior habits,as well as their interactions with noise-induced hearing loss?NIHL?.At the same time,the impact of haplotype and risk factor scores on hearing loss will also be explored.Methods:The case-control study method is adopted.The case and the control group were from the 2017-2018survey on a cross-sectional study of noise exposed workers in five metal processing industries in Zhejiang Province.Collect general demographic information of workers,occupational history,past hearing history,life and work behavior by questionnaires;Collect individual workers'noise exposure data using an individual noise meter to obtain an 8-hour equivalent continuous A sound level(L_Aeq,8h),and then calculate the cumulative noise exposure?CNE?,time domain structure?kurtosis?;Test the hearing threshold of both ears at 0.5,1,2,3,4,6 and 8kHz;Collect oral mucosal exfoliated cells with Yongming flocking swabs,and then use kompetitive allele-specific PCR?KASP?method to genotype the single nucleotide polymorphisms?SNPs?.SPSS 25.0 software was selected for statistical processing of the data.Statistical analysis methods include t test,rank sum test,?² test,Fisher's exact probability,binarylogistic regression analysis.Gene,environment,and behavior interactions were performed using binary logistic regression analysis and presented in the form recommended by Knol et al.The correlation between haplotype and hearing loss was analyzed by R language"halpo.stats."packages.Results:1.The proportion of people exposed to complex noise was significantly higher than that in the control group?40.1%>34.9%,p=0.003?.The people who were exposed to complex noise had a higher risk of NIHL compared with those exposed to steady noise?adjusted:OR=1.806,95%CI=1.235-2.643,p=0.002?.2.In the rs1049216?CASP3?recessive model,people carrying the GG genotype were found to be less likely to develop NIHL than those with AA+AG genotype?adjusted:OR=0.659,95%CI=0.468-0.927,p=0.017?.In the rs1049216 allele model,people carrying the G allele were found to be less likely to develop NIHL than those with A allele?adjusted:OR=0.728,95%CI=0.543-0.977,p=0.034?.In the rs6948?CASP3?recessive model,people carrying the TT genotype were less likely to cause NIHL than those carrying GG+GT genotype?adjusted:OR=0.694,95%CI=0.489-0.986,p=0.042?.In the rs12195525?NOX3?additive model,people carrying the GT genotype were found to be less likely to develop NIHL than those with GG genotype?adjusted:OR=0.618,95%CI=0.388-0.985,p=0.043?.Similarly,people carrying the TT+GT genotype of the dominant model were at a lower risk of NIHL than those with the GG genotype?adjusted:OR=0.622,95%CI=0.400-0.969,p=0.036?.In the rs12415607?CASP7?additive model,compared with people carrying the CC genotype,those carrying the AA genotype were more likely to cause NIHL?adjusted:OR=1.804,95%CI=1.080-3.014,p=0.024?.3.Smoking was more likely to cause NIHL in people than in those without smoking?adjusted:OR=1.486,95%CI=1.021-2.161,p=0.038?.High video volume exposure was 0.681 times more likely to cause NIHL?adjusted:OR=1.611,95%CI=1.101-2.358,p=0.014?.Regular earphone using posed a higher risk of NIHL compared to no earphone using?adjusted:OR=1.460,95%CI=1.031-2.067,p=0.033?.Regular physical exercise posed a lower risk of NIHL compared to no physical exercise?adjusted:OR=0.598,95%CI=0.419-0.852,p=0.004?.4.In the additive models,a positive interaction was found between rs1049216 AA+AG,rs6948 GG+GT genotypes and complex noise?RERI=1.294,95%CI=0.269-2.319,p=0.013;RERI=1.198,95%CI=0.109-2.288,p=0.031?.A positive interaction was found between complex noise and lifestyles including high video volume exposure and never physical exercise?RERI=1.088,95%CI=0.444-1.732,p<0.001;RERI=1.054,95%CI=0.138-1.971,p=0.024?.A positive interaction was found between rs12195525 GG genotype and lifestyles including smoking and high video volume exposure?RERI=1.042,95%CI=0.318-1.765,p=0.005;RERI=0.774,95%CI=0.020-1.527,p=0.044?.5.People with AT or GG haplotypes composed of rs1049216 and rs6948 have an increased risk of noise-induced hearing loss compared to GT haplotypes?OR=2.143,95%CI=1.148-4.000,p=0.017;OR=2.693,95%CI=0.103-6.573,p=0.030?6.Compared with workers with a risk score of?3,workers with risk scores of 7-9 and?9 have an increased risk of noise hearing loss?OR=7.812,95%CI=2.131-28.636,p=0.002;OR=27.526,95%CI=4.609-164.404,p=0.001?.The trend test found that the risk of workers suffering from noise-induced hearing loss increased as the risk score increased?OR=1.424,95%CI=1.273-1.593,p<0.001?Conclusion:1.The people who were exposed to complex?non-gaussian?noise had a higher risk of NIHL compared with those exposed to steady?gaussian?noise.2.rs1049216?CASP3?,rs12415607?CASP3?,rs12195525?NOX3?,and rs12415607?CASP7?polymorphisms were found to be related to NIHL.3.Smoking,high video volume exposure and regular earphone using had an increased risk of NIHL.Regular physical exercise were found to decrease the risk of NIHL.4.A positive interaction was found between rs1049216 AA+AG,rs6948 GG+GT genotypes and complex noise.A positive interaction was found between complex noise and lifestyles including high video volume exposure and never physical exercise.A positive interaction was found between rs12195525 GG genotype and lifestyles including smoking and high video volume exposure.5.People with AT or GG haplotypes have an increased risk of noise-induced hearing loss compared to GT haplotypes.6.Workers with risk scores of 7-9 and?9 have an increased risk of noise hearing loss.The trend test found that the risk of workers suffering from noise-induced hearing loss increased as the risk score increased.Public health implications:To provide noise control,susceptibility gene screening and effective behavioral interventions for the prevention of noise-induced hearing loss.