Extraction Kinetics,Thermodynamics,and Rheological Properties Of Polysaccharides From Codonopsis Pilosula By Hot Water Assisted Extraction

Purpose:In this paper,the Codonopsis pilosula was taken as the research object,the hot water assisted extraction method was used to extract the Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide.On this basis,the kinetic model of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide extraction based on Fick's second law was established.The extracted crude polysaccharide and the main eluted component polysaccharide were studied for physical and chemical properties,structural analysis and biological activity.Methods:The prepared raw materials,namely the healthy roots of the Codonopsis pilosula plant,are washed,dried and pulverized using a grinder,and then sieved through a 20-mesh sieve.CPP was extracted using hot water extraction,with three variables,including the ratio of water to feed,extraction time and temperature of extraction.The concentration of total soluble sugar and reducing sugar in the extract was determined by the phenol sulfuric acid method and3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method?DNC method?,respectively.Fick's second law was applied to analyze the kinetics of extraction,then a gravimetric model of extraction was created.The influence of different extraction temperatures and the solid-liquid ratio on the behavior of thermodynamics?extraction rate constant and energy change?was estimated using the Arrhenius equation.Characteristics such as solubility,temperature and pH stability,protein content,uronic acid and sulfate radicals were analyzed and determined using the phenol sulfuric acid method,the Coomassie brilliant blue method.The chemical structure of CPP was determined using infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform?FT-IR?with a resolution of 0.09 cm in the frequency range400-4000 cm^-1;Scanning electron microscopy?SEM?and atomic force microscopy?AFM?were used to observe the surface microstructure and morphological characteristics of CPP.One of the most important properties of medicinal plant extracts,such as the inhibitory activity of?-glucosidase,has also been studied by the Bernfeld method.Conclusion:According to Fick's second law,a kinetic model was established for extracting CPP from Codonopsis pilosula powder by extraction with hot water,and the optimum extraction time,solid-liquid ratio,and temperature were obtained.Due to the complex structure of CPP,most active ingredients were present in the inner cells of the drug material,and the mechanism for transferring the active ingredient from the solid phase to the solvent phase was very complex,so CPP is a polysaccharide with a complex helical structure.Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides have a high degree of inhibition of?-glycosidase,which may provide a potential source for producing?-glycosidase inhibitors for the treatment of type ? diabetes.