| BackgroundChina has entered an aging society,and institutional care has gradually become one of the important forms for the aged people.With the growth of age,chronic diseases have become the most common cause that affects the life quality of the elderly.It has been widely accepted that reasonable diet is of great significance to the maintenance of the normal physiological function as well as to the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in the elder people.Thus,a comprehensive nutritional survey regarding the diet nutrition intake,nutritional evaluation,biochemical parameter and the prevalence of chronic diseases as well as healthy status is needed,which can provide a basis for the rational diet and chronic disease prevention and control in the elderly population.Chongqing has a large number of elderly populations and the service level of the agencies is quite different from that in the developed areas.However,there is no detailed report on the comprehensive nutritional as well as healthy survey of the elderly population in elderly nursing homes in Chongqing.Therefore,it is of great significance to conduct a nutritional and healthy survey of elderly nursing homes in urban area of Chongqing.PurposeTo investigate and analyze the nutrition and health status of the elderly in two elderly nursing homes in Chongqing urban area and provide a basis for the standardized nutrition management for the elder population in Chongqing.It also aims to provide beneficial references for the establishment of a comprehensive nutrition management model that integrates standardized dietary management and nutritional conditioning and treatment for Chongqing's institutional pension system.Objectives and Methods1.A total of 501 elder people(including 88 disabled subjects)in two elderly nursing homes with medical care conditions in the main urban area of Chongqing were selected as the subjects of the survey.2.A three-day dietary intake survey for the 501 subjects was conducted using the weighing method and the chronic diseases of these patients were also investigated at the same time.The height,body weight,triceps skin-fold(TSF),arm circumference(AC)and other related anthropometric measurements were performed on 421 of them.The body composition was measured with a Korean ioi353 Body Composition Analyzer for abled subjects or a BIA450 type portable Composition Analyzer for the disabled subjects.The nutrition assessment was carried out with Short-form mini nutritional assessment(MNA-SF)questionnaire.Among the old people,328 of them were tested for relevant biochemical parameters.The nutritional parameters related to the disabled and non-disabled elderly were analyzed and compared.Results1.The intakes of livestock meats,eggs,soybeans and nuts,cooking oil and salt were higher while the intakes of fruits,fish and shrimp,milk and dairy products were comparatively lower than recommended standards.Except that calcium intake was lower while fat and energy intake was higher than the recommended standard,other examined nutrients met the recommended standards.2.The results of anthropometry,body composition determination and MNA-SF questionnaire showed that the percentage of obesity,overweight,normal and emaciation were 14.3%,33.5%,45.1% and 7.1% respectively.The malnourished elderly accounted for 34.0% of the total population when analyzed with MNA-SF questionnaire,the lean body mass of women was lower than that of men(P <0.05)and the body fat percentage of men higher that of women.The average body mass index(BMI),TSF and lean body mass of the disabled elderly were significantly lower than those of the non-disabled elderly;their body fat percentage and malnutrition rate were significantly higher than those of the non-disabled elderly(P < 0.05).3.Biochemical examinations showed that the prevalence rates of anemia,dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia were 20.1%,46.4% and 22.9%,respectively.4.The top three chronic diseases were hypertension(47.5%),diabetes mellitus(21.6%)and cardiovascular disease(17.6%);the prevalent rate of neurodegenerative diseases and chronic constipation in the disabled elderly was higher than that in the non-disabled elderly(P < 0.05).Conclusions1.There were many kinds of dietary food for the elderly in the two elderly nursing homes investigated and most of the nutrient intakes met the recommended standards.However,increased fruit,fish/shrimp,milk and reduced the consumption of livestock,cooking oil and salt,fat/energy intakes should be conducted.2.The proportion of overweight,obesity,malnutrition,dyslipidemia,anemia,diabetes,hypertension and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases was higher in the aged population.The overall nutritional status of the disabled elderly was poorer than that of the non-disabled elderly.3.It was of great significance to improve and strengthen the normative nutrition management of the elderly in the elderly nursing homes so as to improve the nutritional status of the elderly and prevent and control chronic diseases.It is also an important approach to promote the work of combining geriatric care with medical care. |
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