Study On The Birth Choice Of Urban Workers Of Child-bearing Age And Its Influencing Factors Under The Comprehensive Two-child Policy In Fujian Province

Objective: In the new stage of the implementation of the comprehensive two-child policy,by understanding the current situation of the reproductive intentions,reproductive behaviors and reproductive choices of employees in cities and towns of childbearing age in Fujian Province,we found out the existing problems and analyzed the factors affecting them.To understand the needs of urban workers of childbearing age for relevant supporting measures in the context of the adjustment of the new birth policy,and to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of the comprehensive two-child policy,so as to put forward rationalization proposals and prospects.It provides the theoretical basis and support for the government to analyze and evaluate the population situation and improve the supporting measures of the fertility policy.Methods: The study combines a variety of research methods such as literature research,questionnaires,and statistical analysis.On the one hand,through the Fujian Provincial All People's Population Service and Management Information System(PIS),Fujian Statistical Yearbook,etc.,to collect the population data in recent years,analyze the current situation of population and fertility;On the other hand,a questionnaire survey was conducted on the fertility wishes,reproductive behaviors and reproductive choices of 1,115 workers in towns and cities of childbearing age in Fujian Province,and the results of the questionnaire were analyzed by means of statistical description and statistical inference.To understand the change of reproductive choice and its influencing factors after the adjustment of reproductive policy.Results:(1)From 2011 to 2018,the total resident population of Fujian Province increased from 37.2 million to 39.41 million.The number of births has steadily increased year by year,and the turning point has begun to decline in 2018.(2)The ideal number of children born was 1.79,and 59.8 percent of the respondents had 1 male and 1 female.(3)The proportion of workers in towns and cities of childbearing age who currently do not intend to have two children is 68.5 %.The results of the single factor analysis show that the differences between different living areas,gender,age,occupation,one child sex,one child age,one child care situation,the proportion of parenting expenses,the number of ideal children and the ideal sex of birth are statistically significant;Different educational level,monthly family income,single birth status,and age of first marriage are not statistically significant.The results of binary linear regression analysis show that the main factors that affect the reproductive choice of two children in a child's childbearing age are: gender,age,occupation,gender and care status of one child,proportion of parenting expenditure,and number of ideal children.(4)The proportion of urban workers of childbearing age who currently do not intend to have three children is 92 %.(5)Urban workers of childbearing age who believe that they do not plan to have children and who are hesitant are in line with the higher scores: "insufficient time and energy"(4.32),"too much trouble in raising children"(4.21),"Social security and welfare are not perfect "(3.99)," Heavy financial burden "(3.93)," Unsupervised care of children "(3.87)," Imperfect infrastructure "(3.86)," Affecting the quality of life "(3.81)," Imperfect medical and health system "(3.76).(6)57.3% of people said that the fertility policy did not affect the reproductive choice,and the ideas before and after the policy remained unchanged;42.6% of people think that the implementation of the comprehensive two-child policy is not obvious;The highest number of Appeals for supporting measures to encourage maternity policy are "extension of maternity leave,Establish a system of parental leave(39.03%),a "reduction in preschool education expenses"(36.71%),a "two-child maternity allowance"(36.53%),and a "vigorous development of the preschool education industry and childcare services"(34.74%).Conclusion: China's population development has entered a stage of profound change,and fertility policy no longer directly dominates reproductive behavior.The number of people choosing to have children again has been gradually reduced due to factors such as declining willingness to have children,rising costs,the lack of care for children,the need for professional development of women and the weakening of traditional attitudes towards childbearing.The resulting serious problems such as low birthrate,unbalanced gender ratio,and aging of the population will not be conducive to the long-term development of the country.It is proposed to speed up the improvement of relevant supporting measures to encourage childbearing in accordance with the policy,promote independent childbearing,promote the diversification and co-governance of population work among the government,society and citizens,and speed up the establishment of a child-friendly society to achieve long-term and balanced population development.