Correlation Between Dietary Patterns,Exercise Status And Risk Of Gestational Diabetes In Fuzhou Pregnant Women

Objective: To investigate the diet patterns for pregnant women in Fuzhou,to know how much they knew the knowledge about exercise and actual exercise during the period of pregnancy,and to determine the effects made by various dietary patterns and exercise during pregnancy on gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM),which could provided reference for targeted pregnancy care strategies for pregnant women in Fuzhou.Methods: Convenience sampling method was applied to research regarding pregnant women with pregnancy time from 20 to 24 weeks in five districts and eight counties in Fuzhou from April 2018 to November 2018.(Five districts: Cangshan District,Taijiang District,Jin 'an District,Gulou District and Mawei District.Eight counties: Luoyuan County,Minqing County,Minhou County,Fuqing City,Changle City,Pingtan County and Yongtai County).The diet,the awareness rate of exercise knowledge,and actual exercise were researched for those samples.What's more,GDM screening and the results for those samples were taken surveys as well.Principal component analysis was used to obtain the dietary pattern through SPSS22.0.Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between dietary pattern,actual exercise and the risk of suffering GDM during pregnancy.Results: Six dietary patterns were obtained in this study,which were named according to the main food components in the diet: livestock meat,potato and bean diet,flour,shellfish and algae diet,vegetable and fruit snack diet,viscera meat,fish and shrimp diet,milk and egg diet,and rice viscera diet.Almost pregnant women did not have a high level of knowledge about exercise during pregnancy.There were statistically significant differences between the GDM group and the non-GDM group in gestational exercise mode,exercise frequency,exercise time for each time or a week(P < 0.05).Three factors were the protective factors for preventing the pregnant women from GDM as below: The total weekly exercise time reaching150 minutes or above,swimming chosen for exercise mode,and the OR value for the diet pattern of flour shellfish bacteria and algae reaching less than 1(OR: 0.327,0.413,0.313).However,these four dangerous factors being easy to induce GDM for pregnant women were shown as below: family history of diabetes mellitus,age reaching 35 years old or above,the OR value for the score of vegetable and fruit snacks diet pattern and rice gut diet pattern reaching above 1(OR:4.173,3.107,2.531,3.011).Conclusion: Dietary patterns during pregnancy in Fuzhou affected the occurrence and development of GDM.In addition,pregnant women in Fuzhou generally had a low understanding of exercise during pregnancy,and the amount of exercise was also significantly lower than the recommended amount in the guidelines.Medical staff should provide scientific and effective dietary and exercise guidance to pregnant women in this region.