Hundred Years Ago Of The Plague: A New Exploration Of The Suiyuan Plague Fron 1917 To 1918

In September 1917,the plague broke out in Salaqi,Wuyuan County and Baotou town of Suiyuan Special Administrative Region.Since then,the plague has spread along the Jingsui,Zhengtai,Jinghan,Jinpu and other railways in eight months,affecting Suiyuan,Chahar,Shanxi,Zhili,Beijing,Tianjin,Shandong,Jiangsu and other provinces and cities,until it was eliminated in April 1918,causing more than 16000 deaths.By using the methods of history,econometric history,disaster history and disease history,and on the basis of making full use of the literature,this paper combines the case study with the macro narration,tries to explore the relationship between the occurrence of Suiyuan plague in 1917-1918 and the modern frontier society,and compares it with the plague in Northeast China in 1910-1911 to further explore the social,political and health system in the early years of the Republic of China Changes.At the same time,we hope to deepen the modern thinking of infectious diseases through the research of Suiyuan plague.Suiyuan plague broke out in the plague foci of Mongolian gerbil in Wulanchabu and Ordos Plateau.Under the transmission of fleas and air,the plague between rats developed into human plague.The warm winter of that year also provided conditions for the occurrence of plague.After the outbreak of the plague,the spread range has been gradually expanded with the flow of various kinds of population,and the local customs and health habits also provide recessive conditions for the spread of the plague.The plague in Suiyuan not only caused the escape and decrease of the whole population,but also had a great impact on people's psychology,which indirectly led to social unrest and economic depression.The regulations on the prevention of infectious diseases issued in 1916 has become a programmatic document for the prevention and control of plague in Suiyuan.In terms of central epidemic prevention,after receiving the news of Suiyuan plague outbreak,the Beijing government began to arrange relevant epidemic prevention work in January 1918,set up an epidemic prevention committee,and divided the areas with serious epidemic into four areas: Suiyuan,Chahar,North Shanxi and South Shanxi,and appointed Wu Lien-teh,He Shouren and Chen Sibang to be in charge respectively.At the same time,a series of epidemic prevention related rules were promulgated,such as the railway quarantine rules,the rules for the establishment of Quarantine Committee and the cleaning and disinfection methods.For the government's epidemic prevention measures,the people show a change from resistance to acceptance,and then to cooperation.People's psychology is constantly changing with the advance of epidemic prevention.The following problems are reflected in the process of Suiyuan plague infection and control.First,the confusion of political situation causes the government's slow response.Second,the complexity of Suiyuan itself affects the effect of epidemic prevention.Third,the Chinese people do not know enough about the importance of the border areas.Fourth,the process of epidemic prevention modernization is rough and complex.To sum up,the development of epidemic prevention is a long and arduous process.In addition to the strong support of the central government,it also needs the continuous promotion of economic modernization,political democratization and ideological and cultural scientization.