Study On The Determination Of Nutritional Components And The Extraction And Separation Of Polysaccharides From The Root And Fruit Of Thladiantha Dubia Bunge

Thladiantha dubia Bunge is the genus Thladiantha Bunge plant of Cucurbitaceae,whose Mongolian name is Naohaiyin-Haoge.It is one kind of the perennial climbing herb.Putting the fruits of the Thladiantha dubia Bunge into the medicine will have the functions of activating the blood,regulating menstruation,hemostasis,detumescence,treating many diseases including stillbirth,irregular menstruation,endometrorrhagia,etc.The root of Thladiantha dubia Bunge are edible in Chifeng and Hulunbeir,Inner Mongolia.It have some characteristics of bitter in taste and cold in nature,and the folk edible methods are steaming,cooking,and roasting.Nowadays,the researches are focus on chymical component and official value of the ftuits of Thladiantha Dubia Bunge.However,nobody have done this research about its nutritional component.First of all,there are the research about testing the nutritional component and trace elements of Thladiantha dubia Bunge.On this basis,this paper are mainly researches technology about the extration polysaccharides in the root of Thladiantha dubia Bunge as well as the purification polysaccharides in the root and fruit of Thladiantha dubia Bunge.In addition,this paper reseaches the antioxidant activities and contents of polysaccharides isolated from the root and fruit of Thladiantha dubia Bunge.The aim is proving a theoretical basis for exploitation of Thladiantha dubia Bunge.The main findings are as follows:The National Standard Method was applied to research the main nutritious ingredients and trace elements of the Thladiantha dubia Bunge roots.According to the experimental research,it was found that the Thladiantha dubia Bunge was rich in carbohydrate including polysaccharides,starch,crude fiber,etc.The ingredients of protein,crude fat,and crude ash were very low.The contents of various nutritional ingredients in the dry matter per 100 g were as follows: 25.8 g starch,1.471 g crude fiber,40.7 g polysaccharide,2.87 g total soluble sugar,0.46 g reducing sugar,453.77 mg protein,0.427 mg crude fat,and 50.1 mg total flavonoids;The Thladiantha dubia Bunge was rich in Zn element,Fe element,Mg element,Mn element,Ca element,but has not Cu element.The contents of various trace elements in the dry matter per 100 g were as follows: 353.34 μg Zn,591.64μg Fe,1018.01 μg Mg,10.24 μg Mn,461.05 μg Ca,and 0 μg Cu.The experimental results of the polysaccharides extraction and technology optimization of the Thladianthadubia Bunge roots showed that the extraction yield of the polysaccharides extracted by enzymatic method was much higher than that by water method.The main factors affecting the yield of polysaccharides extracted by water method were Extraction temperature,ratio of material to liquid,extraction time,Extraction number,etc.The results of single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment showed that the optimum conditions for extracting the polysaccharides of the Thladiantha dubia Bunge roots by water method were as follows: the ratio of material to liquid was 1: 20;the extraction time was 1.5 hours;the extraction temperature was 90 ℃.Under this optimum condition to extract,the recovery rate of starch could reach to 45.16%.The main factors affecting the yield of polysaccharides extracted by enzymatic method were enzymatic hydrolysis temperature,enzyme quantity,p H value,time of enzymatic hydrolysis,etc.Through the single factor experiment and the orthogonal experiment,it was found that the optimum conditions of the enzymatic polysaccharides extraction of the Thladiantha dubia Bunge roots were as follows: the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature was 60 ℃;the enzyme quantity was 0.5%;the p H value was 6.0;the enzymatic hydrolysis time was 1 hours.Under this optimum condition to extract,the extraction yield of polysaccharides could reach to 74.62%.Under this optimum condition to extract,the polysaccharides content in the root and fruit of Thladiantha dubia Bunge was tested.The testing result of polysaccharides content discover that the polysaccharides content in the fruit of Thladiantha dubia Bunge was higher than it in the root of Thladiantha dubia Bunge.The crude polysaccharide was extracted from the root of Thladiantha dubia Bunge and then purified by DEAE-52 cellulose column,and two fractions were obtained,namely TDP1-1 and TDP1-2,respectively.The TDP1-1 was neutral polysaccharides ingredient through eluted by distilled water and this peak was higher.The peak size was related to the polysaccharides content.So the polysaccharides content of solution was higher.The TDP1-2 was acidic polysaccharide ingredient through eluted by 0.1M Na Cl solution and its content was lower.Its polysaccharides content was lower.so,it was ignored in futher purification process.The crude polysaccharide was extracted from the fruit of Thladiantha dubia Bunge and then purified by DEAE-52 cellulose column,and only fractions were obtained,namely TDP2-1.The TDP2-1 was neutral polysaccharides ingredient through eluted by distilled water and this peak was higher and indicating its polysaccharides content of solution was higher.To test the homogeneity of TDP1-1 and TDP2-1,the fractions were further applied to Sephadex G-150gel-filtration column and eluted with distilled water at a flow rate of1 m L/min.The result of futher purification was obtained only fraction.It was indicating the two polysaccharide fractions(TDP1-1 and TDP2-1)were homogenous polysaccharides.The antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from the root and fruit of Thladiantha dubia Bunge was tested.The result of testing antioxidant activity revealed the scavenging ability of polysaccharide have some diference.The size of hydroxyl radical-scavenging ability of the polysaccharide from root and fruit as well as Vc was arranged.The marshalling sequence are as follows: Vc >TDP2-1 >TDP1-1.The hydroxyl radical-scavenging ability of polysaccharide from the fruit of Thladiantha dubia Bunge was strongest.Its scavenging ability equals 77% Vc scavenging ability.However,The hydroxyl radical-scavenging ability of polysaccharide from the root of Thladiantha dubia Bunge was weaker.The size of superoxide anions radical scavenging ability of the polysaccharide from root and fruit as well as Vc was arranged.The marshalling sequence are as follows: Vc >TDP2-1 >TDP1-1.The superoxide anions radical scavenging ability of polysaccharide from the fruit of Thladiantha dubia Bunge was strongest.Its scavenging ability equals 70% Vc scavenging ability.However,The superoxide anions radical scavenging ability of polysaccharide from the root of Thladiantha dubia Bunge was weaker.