Study On The Influencing Factors Of Allergic Diseases In Primary And Middle School Students In A District Of Shenyang

Objective: Study on the current status and related risk factors of allergic diseases in primary and middle school students in Shenyang by investigating the occurrence of allergic diseases and related daily routines in these school students in a certain district of Shenyang,in order to provide a reference for the prevention and management of allergic diseases in children.Methods: Using the method of convenient sampling,all students in 2 primary schools and 2 junior high schools in a certain district of Shenyang were selected as the research objects in May 2017,and the investigation focused one four allergic diseases of the occurrence and related influencing factors of allergic rhinitis,eczema,asthma and food allergy in children.On the premise of informed consent of parents' and students',a "Student Health Influencing Factors Questionnaire " was distributed to all participants participating in the survey.After the questionnaires was returned,it was checked and qualified after using SPSS22.0 software unified.One of the children to determine whether to suffer from allergic diseases need to be diagnosed by a doctor.Results: 1.The results of the questionnaire show that: 1)A total of 3,233 valid questionnaires were collected this time.There were 1610 male students(49.8%)and1623 female students(50.2%).The students aged from 6 to 16 were divided into 2576(79.7%)students aged from 6 to 12 years old and 657(20.3%)students aged from 13 to16 years old.2)According to the diagnostic criteria of allergic diseases,a total of 1487 students had had allergic diseases,with an overall reporting rate of 46.0%(1487/3233).The reported rate of boys was 47.6%(767/1610)and girls was 44.4%(720/1623).The reported rate of four kinds of allergic diseases was higher in boys than in girls,and the incidence rates of allergic rhinitis and asthma were statistically different between male and female groups(all P<0.05).3)The reported rate of allergic diseases was 47.7%(1228/2576)in the 6-12 year group,and 39.4%(259/657)in the 13-16 year group.There was a statistical difference in the incidence of allergic diseases among age groups(P<0.05).4)The highest incidence of allergic diseases among students aged from 6 to 16 years old was eczema(34.3%),followed by food allergy(12.7%),allergic rhinitis(12.2%)and asthma(3.0%).The risk of allergic rhinitis,asthma and food allergies was also significantly increased in students with eczema.2.Characteristics of four allergic diseases in children: 1)53.4% of children had allergic rhinitis before the age of 6;2)The age of first onset of eczema in children is 0 months,among which 6-12 months is the period of high incidence of eczema in children,and the proportion of eczema within 1 year is up to about 66%;3)65% of children had asthma before the age of 6;4)76.6% of the children had food allergies before the age of 6.The most common food allergies in children were seafood,eggs and mango,accounting for20.1%?19.1% and 17.6%,respectively.3.The results of single factor analysis showed that: 1)the main factors related to the occurrence of allergic rhinitis in children were drinking sugar drinks during pregnancy,maternal mood during pregnancy,children's gender,mother's allergic constitution,family history of diabetes,and children's frequent colds(all P <0.05);2)the factors associated with childhood eczema have mother mood during pregnancy,the mother antibiotics usage during pregnancy,the mode of the delivery of the newborn,see adding time,whether home often open a window ventilated,maternal prenatal vitamin D supplements,four months,parents educational level,feeding mother pregnant age,allergic constitution,whether to have brothers and sisters,family history of diabetes,child appetite,whether picky about food,like the taste of food,the children often cold(all P <0.05);3)the factors related to the occurrence of asthma in students were the use of antibiotics in maternal pregnancy,the sex of the child,the allergic constitution of the mother,the presence of siblings,the family history of diabetes,and the frequent colds of children(all P <0.05);4)the main factors related to the occurrence of food allergy in children are maternal mood during pregnancy,the use of antibiotics during pregnancy,the prompt supplementation of vitamin D in maternal pregnancy,the feeding mode within four months,the mother's allergic constitution,family history of diabetes,whether children are fussy about food,and children often catch a cold(all P <0.05).4.Multivariate Logistic analysis showed: 1)The mother often drank sweet beverages or fruit juice during pregnancy(OR=2.774,95%CI=1.305~5.897),was male(OR=1.769,95%CI=1.409~2.221),had a family history of allergies(OR=2.055,95%CI=1.529~2.763),had a family history of diabetes(OR=1.389,95%CI=1.022~1.889),and frequently had colds(OR=1.729,95%CI=1.083~2.761;OR=1.537,95%CI=1.132~2.088) were independent risk factors for allergic rhinitis in children;2)Among the feeding methods from birth to 4 months,formula feeding was a protective factor for eczema in children compared with mixed feeding(OR=0.615,95%CI=0.449~0.841),and the paternal education level was high(OR=1.523,95%CI=1.052~2.206;OR=1.546,95%CI=1.095~2.184),maternal allergy(OR=1.700,95%CI=1.272~2.271),maternal antibiotic use during pregnancy(OR=2.406,95%CI=1.120~5.168),family history of diabetes(OR=1.680,95%CI=1.270~2.222),frequent colds in children(OR=2.120,95%CI=1.397~3.217)was an independent risk factor for the development of allergic eczema in children;3)Maternal use of antibiotics during pregnancy(OR=3.628,95%CI=1.503~8.754),gender(OR=5.794,95%CI=3.017~11.125),and frequent colds in children(OR=1.674,95%CI=1.090~2.573)were independent risk factors for asthma in children;4)Supplementation of survival factor D during pregnancy was a protective factor of food allergy in children(OR=0.792,95%CI=0.631~0.994).Maternal allergies(OR=2.492,95%CI=1.875~3.311)and frequent colds in children(OR=2.238,95%CI=1.446~3.463)were independent risk factors for food allergies in children.5.Interaction analysis results show: There was an interaction between maternal mood and feeding style of formula OR cow's milk(OR=1.780,95%CI=1.284~2.466).There was an interaction between maternal mood difference and gestational age of 29 years(OR=2.012,95%CI=1.455~2.802).There was an interaction between c-section and mixed feeding(OR=1.480,95%CI=1.084~2.022).There was an interaction between gestational age of 29 years and mixed feeding(OR=1.576,95%CI=1.100~2.259).There was an interaction between gestational age of 25 years and formula OR milk feeding(OR=2.047,95%CI=1.268~3.305).There was an interaction between the gestational age of 29 and the mother's frequent consumption of sugary beverages OR fruit juice during pregnancy(OR=1.457,95%CI=1.227~1.730).There was an interaction between c-section and frequent consumption of sugary beverages OR fruit juice during pregnancy(OR=5.029,95%CI=1.063~23.787).There was an interaction between poor maternal mood and frequent consumption of sugary beverages OR fruit juice during pregnancy(OR=1.438,95%CI=1.214~1.704).6.Attribution risk results showed that among maternal pregnancy factors,the incidence of allergic diseases in the exposed group was 69.2%,which was significantly higher than that in the non-exposed group(49.0%)(P<0.001,AR=20.2%).Among the children's own factors,the incidence of allergic diseases in the exposed group was 67.3%,which was significantly higher than that in the non-exposed group(40.4%)(P< 0.001,AR=26.9%).Conclusion: 1)The reported rates of allergic diseases among students aged 6 to 16 in a district of Shenyang were: eczema 34.3%,food allergy 12.7%,allergic rhinitis 12.2% and asthma 3.0%,respectively.2)The occurrence of allergic diseases in children is influenced by maternal and maternal factors and children's own factors;Maternal and maternal factors and children's own factors affect the risk of different allergic diseases.3)Children's frequent colds,family history of diabetes,parents' high educational level,mother's allergic constitution,and maternal use of antibiotics during pregnancy are all major risk factors for the occurrence of allergic diseases in children.4)There is an interaction between certain factors in maternal pregnancy and the neonatal feeding mode.